Iran’s IRGC: the feared ‘Pasdaran’ set for EU terror listing

Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is the ideological army of the Islamic republic tasked with protecting the revolution from external and domestic threats but is accused by the West of militant activity abroad and serial rights violations at home.The EU is expected on Thursday to agree to list the IRGC as a terrorist organisation, which would match similar classification enacted by the United States, Canada and AustraliaRights groups have accused the Guards of taking a lead role in the deadly crackdown on protests against Iran’s clerical leadership under Ayatollah Ali Khamenei that has left thousands dead.”The intolerable repression of the peaceful uprising of the Iranian people cannot go unanswered,” said French Foreign Minister Jean-Noel Barrot as he announced late on Wednesday that Paris would back the terror designation in a hardening of French policy.Amnesty International said this week that its evidence showed that, alongside regular police and plain clothes agents, the IRGC and its volunteer paramilitary force known as the Basij, were “involved in the deadly crackdown”.Known in Iran as the “Pasdaran” (“The Guards”) or simply as “Sepah” (“The Corps”), the IRGC is a vast and complex organisation whose branches reach into many aspects of Iranian politics and society as well as the military.Its international unit, the Quds Force, whose then-chief Qasem Soleimani was killed by the United States in 2020, has been accused by the West of carrying out attacks in the Middle East, while analysts say it is a key economic player, benefitting from illicit transactions that circumvent sanctions.- ‘Control the economy’ -The Guards’ mission is “to propagate the ideas of the Islamic revolution”, said Clement Therme, a researcher at the International Institute of Iranian Studies. “It’s an army of 150,000 to 180,000 people in service of an ideology.”A Western diplomat, who requested anonymity to speak, said its membership was thought to be around 200,000.”It’s an armed force that functions like an elite military with terrestrial, maritime and aerospace capabilities, while it is better trained, better equipped and better paid than the regular military,” the diplomat said.The IRGC also serves as Tehran’s link to its regional allies, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon and pro-Iran militias in Iraq.”It’s an empire within an empire,” said David Khalfa, a researcher at the France-based Jean-Jaures Foundation.The Guards control or own companies across the Iranian economy, including major strategic sectors.Their annual military budget is estimated at around $6-9 billion, or 40 percent of Iran’s official military budget, according to data collated by Khalfa.”They effectively control the Iranian economy,” he added.For enforcement on the ground, the Guards rely on the Basij paramilitary, which is recruited mainly from young Iranians and acts as an ideological organisation embedded in all institutions and levels of society.There are thought to be around 600,000 to 900,000 Basij members, Khalfa said, pointing to cross-referenced data from several US think tanks.- Leader ‘dearer than our lives’ -A research paper published this month by Saeid Golkar and Kasra Aarabi of the US-based think tank United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) said a shadowy IRGC unit known as the Tharallah Headquarters, responsible for security in Tehran, was the “most critical cog in the IRGC’s security and suppressive apparatus”.”It coordinates intelligence, policing, Basij militia, IRGC units, and psychological operations, ensuring that repression is not improvised but calibrated,” said Golkar and Aarabi, adding that it “functions as the regime’s operational brain during moments of unrest”.The Guards are led by General Mohammad Pakpour, who was appointed by Khamenei after his predecessor Hossein Salami was one of several key military figures killed in an Israeli strike during the 12-day war in June 2025.These losses revealed Israel’s deep intelligence penetration of the Islamic republic, including within the IRGC.On January 22, when the Islamic republic marks an annual day celebrating the Guards, Pakpour warned Israel and the United States “to avoid any miscalculations, by learning from historical experiences and what they learned in the 12-day imposed war, so that they do not face a more painful and regrettable fate”.In a show of bravado, given the fate of his predecessor, Pakpour that day also attended a public gathering with other generals from the IRGC and the regular army to show the unity within the Iranian armed forces.”The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and dear Iran have their finger on the trigger, more prepared than ever, ready to carry out the orders and measures of the supreme commander-in-chief — a leader dearer than their own lives,” he said, referring to Khamenei.

L’émissaire de Trump à Minneapolis présente son plan anti-immigration

Durcissement ou apaisement ? L’envoyé spécial de Donald Trump à Minneapolis doit présenter publiquement son plan jeudi, pour rétablir le calme dans une ville qui tient tête à l’administration après la mort d’un infirmier tué par des agents fédéraux.Tom Homan doit intervenir à 7H00 locales (13H00 GMT) alors que le bras de fer entre agences fédérales et autorités locales d’une part, administration républicaine et opposition démocrate d’autre part, ne faiblit pas.La métropole du nord des Etats-Unis, devenue l’emblème de la politique anti-immigration de Donald Trump, reste sous le choc du décès de deux Américains abattus par des agents fédéraux: Alex Pretti, infirmier de 37 ans, tué samedi par des membres de la police aux frontières (CBP), et Renee Good, mère de famille du même âge, le 7 janvier, par la police de l’immigration (ICE).L’émissaire présidentiel a été dépêché à Minneapolis en urgence cette semaine pour reprendre le contrôle d’une situation inflammable. Mais Donald Trump alterne signes d’accalmie et propos vindicatifs. Mercredi, la police aux frontières a annoncé avoir suspendu dès samedi deux agents impliqués dans la mort d’Alex Pretti. Une procédure “standard”, a affirmé un porte-parole à l’AFP.Le président américain, après avoir promis une “petite désescalade” et un retrait partiel des hommes masqués qui traumatisent la cité du Midwest, a renoué avec sa rhétorique incendiaire contre le maire démocrate de Minneapolis.Jacob Frey avait déclaré qu’il “n’appliquerait pas les lois fédérales” sur l’immigration.”Est-ce que quelqu’un (…) pourrait lui expliquer que cette déclaration constitue une violation très grave de la loi et qu’il JOUE AVEC LE FEU”, a lancé M. Trump sur sa plateforme Truth Social.La chasse aux sans-papiers “n’a rien à voir avec la sécurité ni (…) avec l’immigration. Il s’agit de représailles politiques et cela devrait inquiéter (…) tout le monde en Amérique”, a insisté l’édile.- “Plus jamais les mêmes” -A Washington, ce déploiement pourrait déclencher en fin de semaine une paralysie budgétaire fédérale. Le camp démocrate veut empêcher Donald Trump de financer sa lutte contre l’immigration, quitte à aller jusqu’à un nouveau blocage complet (“shutdown”). Le bras de fer se poursuit aussi dans les arcanes de la justice. Un juge fédéral du Minnesota a interdit la détention des réfugiés encore dépourvus du statut de résident permanent, mais qui vivent légalement dans cet Etat américain.Dans son ordonnance publiée mercredi, le juge John Tunheim a considéré que l’administration pouvait poursuivre “l’application légale des lois sur l’immigration” mais devait le faire “sans arrêter ni détenir” ces personnes légalement admises sur le sol américain. Il a demandé la libération des réfugiés actuellement dans cette situation.Et dans un autre dossier, un magistrat fédéral a jugé “probable que l’ICE ait violé davantage d’ordonnances judiciaires en janvier 2026 que certaines agences fédérales durant toute leur existence”.A Washington, la ministre de la Justice Pam Bondi a pour sa part déclaré mercredi sur X que 16 “émeutiers” suspectés d’avoir “agressé des agents fédéraux des forces de l’ordre” avaient été arrêtés. Sur place, la peur des raids mobilise des citoyens qui tournent dans les rues pour débusquer les policiers fédéraux.- “Enlevés dans la rue” -“J’ai l’impression que les crimes commis contre les habitants de Minneapolis ont atteint un tel niveau que nous ne serons plus jamais les mêmes”, a assuré à l’AFP Dylan Alverson, propriétaire d’un café solidaire.”On ne voit rien qui change sur le terrain, les gens se font toujours enlever dans la rue”, regrette pour sa part Jennifer Arnold, 39 ans, qui a créé un réseau d’entraide à Minneapolis pour emmener les enfants de migrants à l’école.Mardi, la députée démocrate du Minnesota Ilhan Omar, une des cibles favorites de Donald Trump, avait été agressée par un homme muni d’une seringue remplie d’un liquide nauséabond non identifié. Le FBI s’est saisi de l’enquête. La chaîne CNN, citant des sources policières, affirme qu’il s’agissait probablement de vinaigre de cidre.Des vidéos analysées par l’AFP et d’autres médias décrédibilisent la thèse défendue au départ par l’administration américaine, selon laquelle Alex Pretti, qui portait légalement une arme, menaçait les forces de l’ordre.Dans une nouvelle vidéo diffusée par plusieurs chaînes américaines et qui ne pouvait être authentifiée dans l’immédiat par l’AFP, on le voit lors d’une violente altercation avec des agents fédéraux dont il dégrade notamment un véhicule à coups de pied, plus d’une semaine avant sa mort. burs-dla/aje/cbr/ph

Northern Mozambique: massive gas potential in an insurgency zoneThu, 29 Jan 2026 12:14:50 GMT

Construction on a stalled $20-billion gas project by TotalEnergies in Mozambique officially resumed Thursday, nearly five years after it was suspended due to a deadly jihadist attack.The French oil giant announced the restart of construction at a ceremony attended by President Daniel Chapo and TotalEnergies chief executive Patrick Pouyanne near the site of the project …

Northern Mozambique: massive gas potential in an insurgency zoneThu, 29 Jan 2026 12:14:50 GMT Read More »

Gold demand hits record high on Trump policy doubts: industry

Gold demand surged to a record high in 2025 as investors and central banks flocked to the safe-haven asset as protection against US President Donald Trump’s unpredictable policies and their potential economic impact, industry data showed Thursday.The price of gold has surged in response, pushing on with a meteoric rise this year that saw it near $5,600 a troy ounce (31.1 grams) on Thursday. Purchases hit all-time highs in both volume and value last year, the World Gold Council said in its annual report, with demand exceeding 5,000 tonnes and value reaching $555 billion — a 45 percent increase year on year. “Uncertainty” has been the key driver of gold’s strong performance, said WGC analyst Krishan Gopaul.”On a geopolitical front, there were obviously concerns about the actions of the new Trump administration,” he said.The year was marked by Trump’s tariff onslaught against major trading partners including China, the European Union and India, upending longstanding global free trade tenets. Adding to that, Trump’s criticism of US monetary policy has fuelled concerns about the Federal Reserve’s independence and contributed to a weakening dollar.Those fears have led other central banks to significantly increase their gold reserves.Although central bank purchases of gold fell slightly in volume from the previous year, their total value increased by 13 percent in 2025.Gold now makes up more than 20 percent of central bank reserves, a level not seen since the early 1990s, the WGC said.Demand was also boosted by enthusiasm for exchange-traded funds linked to the gold price.”Gold ETFs have made gold more accessible to many investors” by making it as easy to buy as a company stock, Gopaul said.A fresh surge in gold’s price this week was driven by “safe-haven demand, geopolitical tensions and… as investors shift to hard assets from traditional currencies and bonds”, Liam Fitzpatrick, head of metals and mining research at Deutsche Bank, said Thursday.

Trump’s border chief to speak in Minneapolis as shooting fallout grows

US President Donald Trump’s border czar Tom Homan was set to present his plans on Thursday as the new face of the immigration crackdown in Minneapolis, after two federal agents involved in the fatal shooting of an American citizen were placed on leave.The agents were placed on leave on Saturday, which Customs and Border Protection (CBP) said is “standard protocol,” after 37-year-old Alex Pretti was shot multiple times and forced to the ground in a scuffle captured on video.Trump has scrambled to stem outrage across the political aisle over the killing, saying Tuesday he wanted to “de-escalate a little bit” in Minneapolis.But the president backpedaled his conciliatory note Wednesday, accusing the city’s mayor Jacob Frey of “PLAYING WITH FIRE” for refusing to rally local police to enforce the federal immigration sweeps.The political battle could soon move to Congress, where Democrats are threatening to hold up authorization for swathes of US government funding if reforms are not made to rein in the sprawling military-style immigration agencies.Frey responded Wednesday to Trump ramping up his rhetoric, writing on X: “The job of our police is to keep people safe, not enforce fed immigration laws.”In another blow to Trump’s immigration crackdown, a federal judge ruled Wednesday to halt the detention of refugees in Minnesota awaiting permanent resident status and ordered the release of those in detention.Meanwhile, another federal judge slammed Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) chief Todd Lyons, claiming he “has likely violated more court orders in January 2026 than some federal agencies have violated in their entire existence.”The White House initially justified Saturday’s fatal shooting of Pretti, an intensive care nurse, whom Homeland Security chief Kristi Noem described as a “domestic terrorist.”But widespread backlash forced Trump to shuffle leadership of immigration operations in Minneapolis, replacing Border Patrol commander Greg Bovino with policy-focused Homan.Homan is expected to hold a press conference at 7 am (1300 GMT) Thursday in Minneapolis, the White House said.- Fury -While the White House insists it is targeting hardened criminals, the use of masked, heavily armed men to snatch people from streets, homes and workplaces has caused widespread shock.That turned to fury this month after immigration agents shot dead two Minneapolis protesters at point-blank range in separate incidents — Pretti and Renee Good, who are both US citizens.Top Trump aide Stephen Miller initially justified Pretti’s killing by branding him a “would-be assassin” — despite video evidence clearly showing the nurse posed no threat as he was shot in the back while pinned down on the ground.Miller later said the federal agents who killed Pretti “may not have been following that protocol.”Clashes between protesters and federal immigration officers who are deployed to Democratic cities have become increasingly common. In Minneapolis, 39-year-old community activist Jennifer Arnold said little has changed since Trump’s promise to ease tensions in the city.”The Trump administration is saying that they’re going to change tactics…but we are not experiencing anything different,” Arnold told AFP.- Omar attacked -Trump’s focus on Minnesota is linked to a probe into alleged corruption by Somali immigrants in the state, which he and right-wing allies have amplified as an example of what they say is a fight against alleged criminal immigrants.The president has persistently targeted Somali-born congresswoman Ilhan Omar, saying she should be sent back to Somalia.In the latest sign of a deteriorating political climate, a man sprayed Omar with an unknown liquid while she was giving a speech late Tuesday, before being tackled by security.The suspect, 55-year-old Anthony Kazmierczak, was arrested on suspicion of assault.

Flights to Ethiopia’s Tigray suspended as clashes eruptThu, 29 Jan 2026 11:46:30 GMT

Clashes between federal and Tigrayan forces have erupted in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray region, prompting the suspension of flights, security and diplomatic sources told AFP on Thursday.The renewed tensions risk a return to conflict in the volatile region, which three years ago emerged from a brutal war between Ethiopian forces and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front …

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Face aux pressions internationales, l’Iran prêt à une “riposte écrasante”

Menaces d’intervention militaire américaine, possibles sanctions de l’UE jeudi contre les Gardiens de la révolution: face à la pression occidentale, l’Iran, qui a maté dans le sang la contestation populaire, affiche son inflexibilité et se dit prêt à une “riposte écrasante”.Après les déclarations du chef de la diplomatie iranienne Abbas Araghchi affirmant que les forces armées avaient “le doigt sur la gâchette”, le chef de l’armée Amir Hatami a annoncé avoir doté les régiments de combat de 1.000 drones.Face aux “menaces auxquelles nous sommes confrontées”, l’armée a pour “priorité de renforcer ses atouts stratégiques en vue d’une riposte rapide et écrasante à toute invasion et attaque”, a déclaré le général, cité par la télévision d’Etat.L’Iran a notamment menacé de bloquer le détroit d’Ormuz, passage clé pour le transport mondial de pétrole et de gaz naturel liquéfié. Le quotidien Kayhan proche du pouvoir affirme jeudi dans un éditorial que “fermer le détroit relève du droit de la République islamique d’Iran”. “Si l’ennemi brandit une épée, nous n’allons pas l’accueillir avec un sourire diplomatique”, ajoute le journal.- “Organisation terroriste” -Ces nouvelles déclarations interviennent au lendemain de menaces du président américain Donald Trump: il a averti Téhéran que le “temps était compté” avant une éventuelle attaque américaine, “pire” que celle menée en juin dernier contre des sites nucléaires iraniens. Parallèlement, Washington a déployé des forces militaires navales dans le Golfe, dont le porte-avions Abraham Lincoln.De son côté, l’Union européenne accentue également la pression. Les 27 doivent décider jeudi s’ils ajoutent les Gardiens de la Révolution, bras armé de la République islamique, sur la liste des organisations terroristes, en réponse à la répression “la plus violente” de l’histoire récente du pays.”Si vous agissez en terroriste, vous devez être traité comme tel”, a lancé la cheffe de la diplomatie de l’UE Kaja Kallas, peu avant le début d’une réunion des ministres des Affaires étrangères des 27 à Bruxelles.Plusieurs pays, dont la France, l’Espagne, la Belgique ou l’Italie, se sont déclarés favorables à cette décision.Les Gardiens de la Révolution sont accusés par les organisations de droits humains d’avoir orchestré la répression meurtrière du vaste mouvement contestataire qui a secoué le pays, faisant des milliers de morts.L’Iran a mis en garde contre des “conséquences destructrices” si l’UE décidait de cette inscription, qui pourrait cependant n’avoir qu’un impact limité, les Gardiens faisant déjà l’objet de sanctions européennes.- Voie diplomatique ? -Les voies diplomatiques ne semblent toutefois pas encore épuisées. Après des tractations avec les pays du Golfe opposés à une intervention américaine, le chef de la diplomatie iranienne se rendra vendredi en Turquie, pays souhaitant jouer un rôle de médiateur entre Téhéran et Washington.Le ministre turc des Affaires étrangères Hakan Fidan “réitérera l’opposition de la Turquie à toute intervention militaire contre l’Iran”, selon une source du ministère s’exprimant sous couvert d’anonymat.Dans une interview à la chaîne CNN diffusée jeudi par l’agence Irna, le président du Parlement Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf s’est dit ouvert à un “dialogue réel et dans le cadre des règles internationales” avec les Etats-Unis.”Tant qu’il n’y a pas de garanties pour les droits du peuple iranien, et que la dignité de la nation iranienne n’est pas respectée, il n’y a naturellement pas de négociations”, a-t-il prévenu.Moscou, de son côté, a estimé que le potentiel de négociations était “loin d’être épuisé”, appelant “toutes les parties à la retenue”.- Peur des hôpitaux -Les bilans des ONG sur la violente répression qui s’est abattue sur les manifestants en janvier font état de milliers, voire de dizaines de milliers de morts.D’après un nouveau décompte de l’ONG Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), basée aux Etats-Unis, 6.373 personnes, dont 5.993 manifestants, ont été tuées durant le mouvement de contestation, 11.018 gravement blessées et 42.486 arrêtées. Mais le nombre de morts pourrait être bien plus élevé, avec plus de 17.000 décès en cours d’examen, écrit l’ONG sur X, ajoutant que les restrictions de communication restaient en place malgré un rétablissement partiel d’internet après trois semaines de coupure.Alors que des témoignages font état de blessés refusant d’aller se faire soigner à l’hôpital par crainte d’être arrêtés sur place, un haut responsable du ministère de la Santé, Abbas Ebadi, a assuré jeudi que les établissements de santé ne pratiquaient aucune “discrimination de race, idéologie ou nationalité. Qu’ils soient étrangers, Iraniens, manifestants ou non, nous les soignons”, a-t-il déclaré.Ces tensions ont fait grimper le baril de pétrole Brent au-dessus de la barre des 70 dollars pour la première fois depuis septembre.

UK drugs giant AstraZeneca announces $15 bn investment in China

British pharmaceutical group AstraZeneca said Thursday that it would invest $15 billion in China through 2030 to expand its medicines manufacturing and research, during a trip by UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer to Beijing.AstraZeneca’s chief executive Pascal Soriot was part of a delegation of business leaders accompanying Starmer on his visit. “China… has become a critical contributor to scientific innovation, advanced manufacturing, and global public health,” Soriot said in a statement.China is AstraZeneca’s second-largest market after the United States, where the company has recently invested heavily under pressure from President Donald Trump. “This will be our largest investment in China to date,” Soriot said at Beijing’s opulent Great Hall of the People, a company spokesperson told AFP.Starmer’s visit to China is the first by a British prime minister since 2018, and follows a slew of Western leaders seeking a rapprochement with Beijing as they pivot away from an increasingly unpredictable United States.”AstraZeneca’s expansion and leadership in China will help the British manufacturer continue to grow — supporting thousands of UK jobs,” Starmer said in the statement shared by AstraZeneca.”Unlocking opportunities for British businesses across the globe… is always the driving force behind my international engagements,” he added.AstraZeneca last year announced plans to invest $2.5 billion in China over five years to fund a strategic research and development centre. That announcement came as Leon Wang, former president of AstraZeneca China, was detained in the country in an investigation into suspected illegal data collection and drug imports by the group.AstraZeneca has operated in China for more than thirty years.- US efforts -Britain’s largest drugmaker has been making a recent shift towards the United States, which it hopes will account for half its global revenue by 2030.AstraZeneca will start trading its shares on the New York Stock Exchange in February, while keeping its headquarters in the UK and keeping its primary listing on London’s top-tier FTSE 100 index.It also plans to invest $50 billion by 2030 on boosting its US manufacturing and research operations.That announcement came after the United States in December exempted British pharmaceuticals from import tariffs under a unique deal that sees the UK increase spending on some drugs, including US treatments, by 25 percent.Separately, the White House has delayed for three years tariffs for AstraZeneca after it agreed to invest in US manufacturing capacity.The pharmaceutical industry remains a key target of Trump, with drugs tariffs imposed on other countries as he demands companies switch operations to the US.