Allemagne: décès à 103 ans de Margot Friedländer, rescapée de la Shoah

Margot Friedländer, rescapée de l’Holocauste et l’un des témoins les plus éminents en Allemagne des horreurs du nazisme, est décédée vendredi à 103 ans dans sa ville de Berlin, a annoncé sa fondation. “Avec sa mort, l’Allemagne perd une voix importante de l’histoire contemporaine”, a estimé la fondation dans un communiqué.”Depuis son retour dans sa ville natale, après six décennies d’exil à New York, cette citoyenne d’honneur de Berlin s’était engagée sans relâche en faveur de la réconciliation et de la mémoire”, a-t-elle ajouté.Margot Friedländer aurait dû recevoir ce vendredi l’une des plus hautes décorations allemandes des mains du chef de l’Etat Frank-Walter Steinmeier, mais la cérémonie avait été annulée au dernier moment en raison de sa santé.”La nouvelle du décès de Margot Friedländer m’emplit d’une profonde tristesse”, a déclaré ce dernier. “Elle a offert la réconciliation à notre pays, malgré tout ce que les Allemands lui ont fait subir lorsqu’elle était jeune. Nous ne saurions trop lui être reconnaissants pour ce cadeau”, a-t-il dit dans un communiqué.”Nous nous inclinons devant Margot Friedländer, cette merveilleuse Juive allemande de Berlin”, a-t-il ajouté.Cette femme d’apparence frêle toujours élégamment vêtue – elle avait posé en Une du magazine de mode Vogue en 2024 – était revenue dans sa ville natale de Berlin pour la première fois en 2003.Elle avait alors dédié sa vie à aller à la rencontre des jeunes pour raconter son histoire et prôner l’empathie comme antidote contre la haine.”Ne regardez pas ce qui vous sépare. Regardez ce qui vous unit. Soyez humains”, avait-elle encore plaidé l’an passé.Née Margot Bendheim en 1921 dans une famille de fabricants de boutons, elle a suivi une formation de couturière.Sous le nazisme, elle a perdu ses parents et son jeune frère, assassinés dans les camps de concentration. Elle même fut envoyée en 1944 dans celui de Theresienstadt, en actuelle République tchèque, où elle rencontra son futur mari Adolf Friedländer. Tous deux ont survécu, se sont mariés et sont partis faire leur vie aux Etats-Unis. Après le décès d’Adolf en 1997, elle avait rencontré le producteur allemand Thomas Halaczinsky qui lui avait proposé de venir à Berlin pour tourner un documentaire sur sa vie.En 2010, elle décidera finalement de s’installer définitivement dans sa ville natale.

Behind Israel’s support for the Druze lies goal to weaken Syria

Israel’s stated commitment to defending the Syrian Druze is, by the admission of some of its leaders, consistent with a long-term strategic goal — the weakening of Syria.Israel, which has occupied part of Syrian territory since 1967, claimed to be protecting the Druze minority to justify several strikes following recent, bloody inter-communal clashes in Syria.In the aftermath of one strike near the Presidential Palace in Damascus on May 3, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the bombardment should serve as a “clear message”.”We will not allow forces to be sent south of Damascus or any threat to the Druze community,” he said. In March, Israel had threatened to intervene if the new government that toppled longtime ruler Bashar al-Assad “touched the Druze”.However, according to Andreas Krieg, senior lecturer at King’s College London, Israel is not motivated by “altruistic concerns” and is “obviously now using (the minority group) as some sort of pretext to justify their military occupation of parts of Syria”.In a speech last month, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich hinted at the government’s intentions, saying the war in Gaza against Hamas would end when “Syria is dismantled”, among other goals.The country’s interim president, Ahmed al-Sharaa, has confirmed that indirect talks with Israel have taken place “to contain the situation”. When questioned by AFP, Israeli diplomats declined to comment.-‘Druze autonomy’-Entangled in a war with Hamas that has spilled over Israel’s borders, Netanyahu has insisted the country is in a fight for its survival and that he is determined to “change the Middle East”.In 2015, while a member of the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), Israel’s foreign minister, Gideon Saar, advocated the division of Syria into various ethno-religious entities, envisaging “Druze autonomy in southern Syria”.The plan was reminiscent of the division of Syria imposed between the two world wars by France, then the mandatory power. Paris ultimately had to abandon the scheme under pressure from Syrian nationalists, including among the Druze.Israel’s largest neighbour, Damascus fought in three Arab-Israeli wars — in 1948-1949, June 1967, and October 1973.The last war cemented Israel’s control over most of the Golan Heights, territory which it conquered from Syria in 1967 and annexed in 1981. Following Assad’s overthrow, Israel moved its forces into the UN-patrolled demilitarised zone on the Golan and carried out hundreds of strikes against military targets in Syria.It said its aim was to prevent the transfer of weapons to the new government in Damascus towards which it is openly hostile. The Druze, followers of a religion that split from Shiite Islam, are mainly found in Syria, Lebanon and Israel. In its official figures, Israel counts around 152,000 Druze, though that includes 24,000 who live in the Israeli-annexed Golan Heights, of whom fewer than five percent have Israeli citizenship.- Countering Turkey -According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), 126 people were killed during clashes with government security forces last week in predominantly Druze and Christian areas near Damascus and in the Druze stronghold of Suweida in the far south.After these clashes, Sheikh Hikmat al-Hajri, a Syrian Druze religious leader, called for the deployment of an international protection force and endorsed a community statement asserting that the Druze were “an inalienable part” of Syria.Within Israel, Druze took part in several demonstrations demanding that the government defend members of their religion in Syria.While most Druze in the Golan continue to identify as Syrian, the Israeli Druze population has been loyal to the State of Israel since its creation in 1948 and the group is over-represented in the army and police. “The State of Israel feels indebted to the Druze and their exceptional commitment to the Israeli army,” said Efraim Inbar, a researcher at the INSS. According to Inbar, defending the Druze is also part of the new post-Assad geopolitical landscape in which Israel “is trying to protect the Druze and Kurdish minorities from the Sunni majority and prevent Turkey from extending its influence to Syria”. In contrast to Israel, Ankara, grappling with its own Kurdish problem, supports the new authorities in Damascus and is keen to prevent the Kurds from consolidating their positions in northeastern Syria, along its border.

On patrol for jihadists with Mauritania’s camel cavalryFri, 09 May 2025 17:40:53 GMT

A posse of turban-clad soldiers perched on “ships of the desert” may conjure images of the past but Mauritania’s camelback cavalry play a vital role in the fight against jihadism today.They are the Meharists, heirs to the camel-riding army units founded back in the time when imperialist France ruled the west African nation, who AFP …

On patrol for jihadists with Mauritania’s camel cavalryFri, 09 May 2025 17:40:53 GMT Read More »

Renée et Dédée, 18 ans en 1945: résistantes, déportées et toujours amies

“Dédée, c’est marrant de se revoir après toutes ces années, on est devenues de vieilles nanas!”, s’esclaffe Renée, 98 ans, devant son écran, depuis les Etats-Unis. De l’autre côté de l’Atlantique, en France, est connectée Andrée, 97 ans. La dernière fois qu’elles se sont vues, c’était en avril 1945, à la libération d’un camp de travail dépendant du camp de concentration de Buchenwald, en Allemagne, où elles ont été déportées en juin 1944, pendant dix mois, pour faits de résistance contre l’occupant allemand.Elles ont échangé de vive voix pour la première fois depuis 80 ans, lors d’un appel en visioconférence organisé en avril, auquel l’AFP a assisté. “Renée, je suis toute émue de te revoir”, confie Dédée, d’une voix chevrotante. “Je t’embrasse bien fort ma poulette”, lui dit-elle, envoyant un baiser de sa main.”Pour toi aussi, les souvenirs reviennent?”, demande Dédée à Renée, qui vit aux Etats-Unis depuis les années 1970. “Oh oui ! Et encore, je suis au loin, mais ça sort pas de ma tête, il y a trop de choses qu’on ne peut pas exprimer”. – “Agent de liaison” -Andrée Dupont est née dans la Sarthe, en 1927. Renée Guette naît la même année, à Paris, et grandit dans le Cher, à 350 km du village d’Andrée. En 1943, âgées de 16 ans, toutes deux issues de familles de résistants, elles rejoignent les réseaux de leur village: Assé-le-Boisne pour Dédée, Beffes pour Renée. Andrée, que l’on appelle déjà “Dédée”, est blonde et jolie, atout jugés précieux pour faciliter les opérations clandestines. En tant “qu’agent de liaison”, elle parcourt la Sarthe à vélo pour transmettre des messages et parfois même des armes. Un jour, “j’avais une serviette d’écolier, avec un revolver démonté à l’intérieur, et je suis passée tout sourire” devant les Allemands, se rappelle-t-elle.”Ca oui, tu avais de beaux cheveux blonds et longs!”, s’exclame Renée, du Texas, où elle habite avec sa fille. En 1943, Renée est brune, et tout aussi jolie. Elle est employée des postes et fait passer clandestinement des tickets de rationnement et des messages aux résistants des Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur et des Francs-Tireurs et Partisans communistes. – Déportation -Le 26 avril 1944, Dédée est arrêtée avec le réseau de son village, 16 personnes en tout, dont son père et sa tante. “Je pliais du linge, il était 10h du soir. J’ai entendu des portières claquer. J’ai compris tout de suite”, se remémore-t-elle.Quatre jours plus tard, Renée était arrêtée par un agent français de la Gestapo, lors de la rafle du maquis de Beffes. “Il m’a dit: +alors, jeune fille de bonne famille qui a mal tourné+”, se remémore-t-elle. “Et moi, j’ai répondu, pour lui faire comprendre, qu’il avait pas mieux tourné, et il m’a giflée!”.Les deux jeunes filles se rencontrent à la prison de Romainville, près de Paris, où elles apprennent le débarquement. “On a cru qu’on était sauvées ! Mais les Allemands avaient besoin de nous pour travailler dans les usines de guerre”, explique Renée. Le 25 juin 1944, Renée Guette, matricule 43.133, arrive dans le camp de travail dit “kommando HASAG-Leipzig”, dans le même bloc que Dédée – matricule 41.129 – où près de 5.000 femmes ont été déportées pour fabriquer des armes. Elles se souviennent du travail de nuit, du papier journal caché contre leur peau pour se protéger du froid, des cheveux infestés de poux, puis tondus, des passages à tabac par les Allemands, des corps nus entassés, puis envoyés aux fours crématoires, de celles qui n’ont pas survécu.”Ils nous en ont fait, des vacheries”, lâche Renée.De leur déportation, elles ont conservé des objets fabriqués en cachette: une broche en fil de fer, des barrettes à cheveux. – Hôtel Lutetia -Mi-avril 1945, les nazis évacuent le camp de Leipzig. Les déportées partent alors sur les routes et entament les “marches de la mort”. Renée raconte avoir marché des jours et des nuits durant, les pieds en sang, chaussés de galoches, se nourrissant de colza et de pommes de terre. Elle se souvient de l’Elbe, dans lequel elle s’est lavée pour la première fois depuis des mois, ainsi que d’une balle de pistolet, tirée près de son oreille gauche lors d’affrontements entre “Boches” et Américains. Arrivée à l’hôtel Lutetia, devenu un centre d’accueil à Paris pour les exilés de guerre, Dédée retrouve sa mère. Son père, déporté lui aussi, est revenu des camps. Sa tante, elle, est morte gazée. Quant à Renée, elle a pris le train pour rentrer à Beffes. “Il y avait des soldats français, j’avais peur. On était très marquées”, dit-elle. “Tu sais Dédée, quand je suis arrivée, j’étais pas sûre que j’étais chez moi. Toi aussi ?”. “Moi, j’ai su que j’étais revenue quand j’ai vu le clocher de mon village”, répond-elle. Renée ne se rend plus en France. Mais elle aimerait revoir Dédée, quitte à arriver “à quatre pattes”.”Je t’embrasse Dédée, on se retrouvera peut-être là-haut”, dit-elle avant de raccrocher. 

US, Iran to hold new nuclear talks on eve of Trump travel

The United States and Iran will hold a new round of nuclear talks Sunday in Oman, officials said, just ahead of a visit to the region by President Donald Trump.Trump, who will visit three other Gulf Arab monarchies next week, has voiced hope for reaching a deal with Tehran to avert an Israeli military strike on Iran’s nuclear program that could ignite a wider war.Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said that Oman, which has been mediating, had proposed Sunday as the date and both sides had accepted.”Negotiations are moving ahead and naturally, the more we advance, the more consultations we have, and the more time the delegations need to examine the issues,” he said in a video carried by Iranian media.”But what’s important is that we are moving forward so that we gradually get into the details,” Araghchi said.Steve Witkoff, Trump’s friend who has served as his globe-trotting negotiator, will take part in the talks, the fourth since Trump returned to the White House, according to a source familiar with arrangements.”As in the past, we expect both direct and indirect discussions,” the person said on condition of anonymity.Iranian and US representatives voiced optimism after the previous talks that took place in Oman and Rome, saying there was a friendly atmosphere despite the two countries’ four decades of enmity.But the two sides are not believed to have gone into technical detail, and basic questions remain.US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has insisted that Iran give up all uranium enrichment, even for civilian purposes. He has instead raised the possibility of Iran importing enriched uranium for any civilian energy.Witkoff initially voiced more flexibility before backtracking.- ‘Blow ’em up nicely’ -Trump himself has acknowledged tensions in his policy on Iran, saying at the start of his second term that hawkish advisors were pushing him to step up pressure reluctantly.In an interview Thursday, Trump said he wanted “total verification” that Iran’s contested nuclear work is shut down but through diplomacy.”I’d much rather make a deal” than see military action, Trump told the conservative radio Hugh Hewitt.”There are only two alternatives — blow ’em up nicely or blow ’em up viciously,” Trump said.Trump in his first term withdrew from a nuclear agreement with Tehran negotiated by former president Barack Obama that allowed Iran to enrich uranium at low levels that could be used only for civilian purposes.Many Iran watchers doubted that Iran would ever voluntarily dismantle its entire nuclear program and give up all enrichment.But Iran has found itself in a weaker place over the past year. Israel has decimated Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite militia backed by Iran that could launch a counter-attack in any war, and Iran’s main ally in the Arab world, Syria’s Bashar al-Assad, was toppled in December.Israel also struck Iranian air defenses as the two countries came openly to blows in the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel by Hamas, which is also supported by Iran’s clerical state.The Trump administration has kept piling on sanctions despite the talks, angering Iran. On Thursday, the United States imposed sanctions on another refinery in China, the main market for Iranian oil.Since Trump’s withdrawal from the Obama-era deal, the United States has used its power to try to stop all other countries from buying Iranian oil.

US, Iran to hold new nuclear talks on eve of Trump travel

The United States and Iran will hold a new round of nuclear talks Sunday in Oman, officials said, just ahead of a visit to the region by President Donald Trump.Trump, who will visit three other Gulf Arab monarchies next week, has voiced hope for reaching a deal with Tehran to avert an Israeli military strike on Iran’s nuclear program that could ignite a wider war.Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said that Oman, which has been mediating, had proposed Sunday as the date and both sides had accepted.”Negotiations are moving ahead and naturally, the more we advance, the more consultations we have, and the more time the delegations need to examine the issues,” he said in a video carried by Iranian media.”But what’s important is that we are moving forward so that we gradually get into the details,” Araghchi said.Steve Witkoff, Trump’s friend who has served as his globe-trotting negotiator, will take part in the talks, the fourth since Trump returned to the White House, according to a source familiar with arrangements.”As in the past, we expect both direct and indirect discussions,” the person said on condition of anonymity.Iranian and US representatives voiced optimism after the previous talks that took place in Oman and Rome, saying there was a friendly atmosphere despite the two countries’ four decades of enmity.But the two sides are not believed to have gone into technical detail, and basic questions remain.US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has insisted that Iran give up all uranium enrichment, even for civilian purposes. He has instead raised the possibility of Iran importing enriched uranium for any civilian energy.Witkoff initially voiced more flexibility before backtracking.- ‘Blow ’em up nicely’ -Trump himself has acknowledged tensions in his policy on Iran, saying at the start of his second term that hawkish advisors were pushing him to step up pressure reluctantly.In an interview Thursday, Trump said he wanted “total verification” that Iran’s contested nuclear work is shut down but through diplomacy.”I’d much rather make a deal” than see military action, Trump told the conservative radio Hugh Hewitt.”There are only two alternatives — blow ’em up nicely or blow ’em up viciously,” Trump said.Trump in his first term withdrew from a nuclear agreement with Tehran negotiated by former president Barack Obama that allowed Iran to enrich uranium at low levels that could be used only for civilian purposes.Many Iran watchers doubted that Iran would ever voluntarily dismantle its entire nuclear program and give up all enrichment.But Iran has found itself in a weaker place over the past year. Israel has decimated Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite militia backed by Iran that could launch a counter-attack in any war, and Iran’s main ally in the Arab world, Syria’s Bashar al-Assad, was toppled in December.Israel also struck Iranian air defenses as the two countries came openly to blows in the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel by Hamas, which is also supported by Iran’s clerical state.The Trump administration has kept piling on sanctions despite the talks, angering Iran. On Thursday, the United States imposed sanctions on another refinery in China, the main market for Iranian oil.Since Trump’s withdrawal from the Obama-era deal, the United States has used its power to try to stop all other countries from buying Iranian oil.