Bangladesh’s powerful Islamists prepare for elections

After years of repression, Bangladesh’s Islamist groups are mobilising ahead of February 12 elections, determined to gain a foothold in government as they sense their biggest opportunity in decades. The South Asian nation — home to 170 million people, the vast majority Sunni Muslims — is preparing for its first polls since the mass uprising that toppled the autocratic government of Sheikh Hasina in 2024.At the centre of this formidable push is the Jamaat-e-Islami, the country’s largest and best-organised Islamist party.Ideologically aligned with the Muslim Brotherhood, they are seeking a return to formal politics after years of bans and crackdowns.They have papered over divisions with several other Islamist groups for the election and put forward only male candidates.The Jamaat has also allied with the National Citizen Party (NCP), formed by student leaders who spearheaded the 2024 uprising — prompting some aspiring female candidates to quit.- Troubled past  -Hasina, who was blamed for extensive human rights abuses, took a tough stand against Islamist movements during her 15-year rule.Under her tenure, several top Islamist leaders were sentenced to death — and several hanged — for war crimes.They were accused of having supported Pakistan during Bangladesh’s 1971 independence war, a role that still sparks anger against Islamists from many in Bangladesh today.Hasina, a onetime ally of the United States and close to the Hindu-nationalist government of neighbouring India, also launched crackdowns against Islamist militants, killing scores and arresting hundreds.Since 2013, extremist groups inspired by Al-Qaeda or the so-called Islamic State carried out a string of attacks, including targeting writers and publishers. A 2016 attack on a Dhaka cafe killed 22 people, including 17 foreigners.Mufti Abdul Hannan, the Afghanistan-trained leader of the Bangladesh chapter of the Harkat-ul-Jihad group, was executed with two associates in 2017 for an attempt to kill Britain’s High Commissioner to Bangladesh.- Resurgence -Since Hasina fled to India, key Islamist leaders have been released from prison, and Islamist groups have grown increasingly assertive.They have demanded restrictions on cultural activities they consider “anti-Islamic”, including music and theatre festivals, women’s football matches and kite-flying celebrations.More violent elements have smashed Sufi shrines, and even exhumed a Sufi leader’s body and set it on fire.Many are inspired by the Deobandi teachings, a conservative Sunni movement rooted in 19th-century India, and the ideological source of Afghanistan’s Taliban.Hefazat-e-Islam, an influential coalition of thousands of Islamic schools and Muslim organisations, acts as a powerful grassroots pressure group in Bangladesh.Hefazat leaders travelled to Afghanistan last year, and Afghan Taliban officials visited Bangladesh in December.Other strands of Bangaldesh’s Islamist movements follow the rigid Wahabi and Salafi schools of Islam, powerful in the Arabian Peninsula, and which reject centuries-old Bengali cultural rituals.- Sufi opposition -Home to the world’s fourth-largest Muslim population, Bangladesh includes a wide range of beliefs.Bangladesh has a significant number of Sufi followers — more than a quarter of Muslims, according to one estimate by the US Pew Research Center.The country’s two traditional power brokers — the Bangladesh National Party (BNP) and the now-banned Awami League of Hasina — previously launched their election campaigns from a centuries-old Sufi shrine in the northern city of Sylhet.Sufi popularity poses a challenge to the Islamists, who condemn their mystical interpretation of the Koran as heretical. Bangladesh also has communities of the long-persecuted Ahmadiyya, as well as Shia Muslims.Around 10 percent of Bangladeshis are not Muslim — the majority of those are Hindu and the country is also home to a small number of Christians. Jamaat-e-Islami has named a Hindu candidate — but analysts are sceptical.”These efforts are to deceive the public. The reform is not coming from within,” political analyst Altaf Parvez told AFP. 

Rohingyas: la Birmanie devant la CIJ pour génocide

La Birmanie a-t-elle commis un génocide contre sa minorité musulmane rohingya ? C’est la question que les magistrats de la Cour internationale de justice (CIJ) devront trancher à l’issue de trois semaines d’audiences qui débutent lundi.Dans cette affaire, portée par la Gambie devant la plus haute instance judiciaire de l’ONU, le pouvoir birman est accusé de violations de la Convention des Nations unies sur le génocide de 1948.Le dossier est suivie de près car il est susceptible de créer des précédents pour une affaire portée devant la CIJ par l’Afrique du Sud, qui accuse Israël d’avoir commis un génocide à l’encontre de la population palestinienne de Gaza.Des centaines de milliers de musulmans rohingyas ont fui en 2017 une répression sanglante de l’armée birmane et de milices bouddhistes, trouvant refuge au Bangladesh voisin.Des témoignages ont fait état de meurtres, de viols collectifs et d’incendies criminels.Aujourd’hui, 1,17 million de Rohingyas vivent entassés dans des camps délabrés qui s’étendent sur plus de 3.200 hectares à Cox’s Bazar, au Bangladesh.”Je veux voir si les souffrances que nous avons endurées seront prises en compte lors de l’audience”, a expliqué à l’AFP Janifa Begum, mère de deux enfants vivant dans ces camps.”Nous voulons justice et paix”, a ajouté cette femme de 37 ans.- “Meurtres insensés” -La Gambie, pays à majorité musulmane d’Afrique de l’Ouest, a porté l’affaire en 2019 devant la Cour internationale de justice de La Haye, qui statue sur les différends entre Etats.En vertu de la Convention pour la prévention et la répression du crime de génocide, un pays peut saisir la CIJ contre un autre qu’il estime avoir violé le traité.En décembre 2019, les avocats de la Gambie ont présenté des preuves de ce qu’ils ont qualifié de “meurtres insensés”, et “d’actes de barbarie qui continuent de choquer notre conscience collective”.La lauréate du Nobel de la Paix Aung San Suu Kyi s’était elle-même rendue à La Haye pour défendre la Birmanie devant la cour.Elle a rejeté les arguments de Banjul, les qualifiant de “tableau trompeur et incomplet” de ce qu’elle a décrit comme un “conflit armé interne”.L’ancienne figure emblématique de la démocratie a averti que l’affaire devant la CIJ risquait de raviver la crise, qu’elle a attribuée aux attaques de militants rohingyas.Aung San Suu Kyi a depuis été évincée de la tête du gouvernement birman par le coup d’État militaire du 1er février 2021, et se trouve actuellement en détention.La Birmanie a toujours soutenu que la répression menée par les forces armées était justifiée pour réprimer l’insurrection des Rohingyas après une série d’attaques qui avaient coûté la vie à une douzaine de membres des forces de sécurité.- Pression politique -La cour de La Haye s’est initialement rangée du côté de la Gambie, qui avait demandé aux juges des “mesures provisoires”, c’est-à-dire des décisions d’urgence pour mettre fin aux violences pendant l’examen de l’affaire.En 2020, le tribunal a déclaré que la Birmanie devait prendre “toutes les mesures en son pouvoir pour empêcher (… ) tous les actes” visés par la convention de 1948.Suite à cet arrêt de la CIJ, les États-Unis ont officiellement déclaré en 2022 que les violences constituaient un génocide.Une équipe de l’ONU avait déjà affirmé en 2019 que la Birmanie nourrissait des “intentions génocidaires” à l’encontre des Rohingyas.Un verdict final de la cour de La Haye pourrait encore prendre des mois, voire des années.Bien que le tribunal n’ait aucun moyen de faire appliquer ses décisions, un arrêt favorable à Banjul exercerait une pression politique sur la Birmanie.Les juges de la CIJ ne sont pas les seuls à se pencher sur les violences contre les Rohingyas.La Cour pénale internationale (CPI), qui siège également à La Haye, mène une enquête sur les crimes contre l’humanité qui auraient été commis par le chef militaire birman Min Aung Hlaing.

Asian equities edge up, dollar slides as US Fed Reserve subpoenaed

Asian equities posted gains Monday while the dollar dipped as investors digested news that the US Justice Department subpoenaed the Federal Reserve, raising fears over US central bank independence.Fed Chair Jerome Powell confirmed the unprecedented move late Sunday, which he blasted as part of US President Donald Trump’s pressure campaign for another rate cut. The Fed has indicated it would hold rates steady.”The threat of criminal charges is a consequence of the Federal Reserve setting interest rates based on our best assessment of what will serve the public, rather than following the preferences of the President,” Powell said in a statement late Sunday.Powell said the bank received grand jury subpoenas on Friday related to his Senate testimony in June, which had been about a major renovation project of Federal Reserve office buildings.It came on the heels of Friday’s soft US jobs report showing just 50,000 new positions in December and unemployment slipping to 4.4 percent.The dollar fell about 0.2 percent against major peers, according to Bloomberg, while gold surged 1.5 percent as investors faced with political uncertainty sought safe havens.Asian markets posted gains in early trade. Hong Kong, Shanghai, Seoul and Taipei climbed, tracking Wall Street’s record close Friday.Bangkok, Manila, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, and Jakarta were also up.Most stock markets have enjoyed a solid start to the year, with indices in Frankfurt, London, Paris and Seoul hitting record highs last week, largely on optimism for the tech sector and gains in defence sector shares.Oil prices saw a slight dip, but largely held after a rally last week, as protests in Iran continued to stoke geopolitical risk and the US seizure of Venezuela’s crude supplies added to concerns of a supply glut.President Trump has warned Tehran of repercussions if demonstrators were harmed, while Iran cautioned against foreign intervention.On Sunday evening, Trump said he was considering potential military action against Iran following reports of a violent crackdown leading to the deaths of hundreds of people in the country.”They’re starting to, it looks like,” Trump said, when asked by reporters aboard Air Force One if Iran had crossed his previously stated red line of protesters being killed.”We’re looking at it very seriously. The military is looking at it, and we’re looking at some very strong options. We’ll make a determination,” he said.He also said that the Islamic republic’s leadership had called seeking “to negotiate” and that a meeting was being set up.- Key figures at around 0230 GMT -Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: UP 0.4 percent at 26,327.33Shanghai – Composite: UP 0.4 percent at 4,138.32Tokyo – Nikkei 225: (closed for holiday)West Texas Intermediate: DOWN 0.1 percent at $59.06 per barrelBrent North Sea Crude: FLAT at $63.30 per barrelEuro/dollar: UP at $1.1656 from $1.1635 on FridayPound/dollar: UP at $1.3424 from $1.3407Dollar/yen: FLAT at 157.88 yen from 157.88 yenEuro/pound: UP at 86.83 pence from 86.78 penceLondon – FTSE 100: UP 0.8 percent at 10,124.60 (close)New York – Dow: UP 0.5 percent at 49,504.07 points (close)

Powell says Federal Reserve subpoenaed by US Justice Department

Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell said Sunday that the central bank had been subpoenaed by the US Justice Department, blasting the move as part of President Donald Trump’s extraordinary pressure campaign on US monetary policy decisions.Powell added in a statement that the bank received grand jury subpoenas “threatening a criminal indictment” on Friday related to his Senate testimony in June, which had been about a major renovation project of Federal Reserve office buildings.He dismissed the possible threat of indictment over his testimony or the renovation project as “pretexts.””The threat of criminal charges is a consequence of the Federal Reserve setting interest rates based on our best assessment of what will serve the public, rather than following the preferences of the President,” Powell said. “This unprecedented action should be seen in the broader context of the administration’s threats and ongoing pressure,” Powell said.The Fed has a dual mandate to keep prices stable and unemployment low, and its main tool in doing so is by setting a key interest rate that influences the cost of borrowing across the economy.Trump has consistently pressured Powell and the central bank to move faster in lowering interest rates, in a breach of the long-standing independence of the institution.Trump on Sunday denied any knowledge of the Justice Department’s investigation into the Federal Reserve.”I don’t know anything about it, but he’s certainly not very good at the Fed, and he’s not very good at building buildings,” NBC quoted Trump as saying.- ‘Corrupt takeover’ -Senators from both sides of the aisle blasted the investigation. “It is now the independence and credibility of the Department of Justice that are in question,” Republican Thom Tillis said.”I will oppose the confirmation of any nominee for the Fed — including the upcoming Fed Chair vacancy — until this legal matter is fully resolved,” he added.Democrat Elizabeth Warren accused Trump of trying “to complete his corrupt takeover” of the central bank by pushing Powell out and installing a “sock puppet” instead.Powell’s term as chairman of the Federal Reserve ends in May, and Trump told Politico in an interview last month that he would judge Powell’s successor on whether they immediately cut rates.The US president has openly spoken about ousting Powell but stopped short of doing so, and focused instead on cost overruns for renovation of the Fed’s Washington headquarters.In July, the cost of the Fed’s facelift of its 88-year-old Washington headquarters and a neighboring building were up by $600 million from an initial $1.9 billion estimate.That month, Trump made an unusual visit to the construction site during which the two men, clad in hard hats, bickered over the price tag for the makeover.A significant driver of the cost is security, including blast-resistant windows and measures to prevent the building from collapsing in the event of an explosion. The Federal Reserve, the world’s most important central bank, makes independent monetary policy decisions and its board members typically serve under both Republican and Democratic presidents.

Globes red carpet: chic black, naked dresses and a bit of politics

Hollywood’s top stars hit the red carpet on Sunday for the Golden Globes, the first major event on the road to the Oscars, and they delivered lots of old-school glamour.Here is a glance at some of the looks seen at the Beverly Hilton Hotel:- Ever-chic black -Selena Gomez is a newlywed and her happiness shows. The best comedy actress nominee for her work on “Only Murders in the Building” radiated joy as she arrived on the arm of her husband Benny Blanco.She oozed sophistication in a black Chanel column gown with a frothy white feathered strapless neckline, her black bob swept into soft waves.Gomez was not alone in striking an understated pose, with lots of stars opting for black or dark, wintry hues.Teyana Taylor, a winner for her searing turn as a leftist revolutionary in hotly-tipped film “One Battle After Another,” scorched the carpet in a cut-out backless black Schiaparelli gown with a halter neckline — and a cheeky crystal bow on her backside. Ariana Grande (“Wicked: For Good”), who competed with Taylor for the award for best supporting actress, turned heads in a black textured Vivienne Westwood ballgown with an asymmetrical neckline and a bubble silhouette before trailing to the floor. Her hair was swept into her signature ponytail, and she kept the jewelry simple with a diamond choker.Amy Madigan, also in their category for her villainous turn in “Weapons,” went for a tuxedo look with cropped pants and patent leather boots.Nominee Jenna Ortega embraced the goth chic of her title character in “Wednesday” in a black high-neck Dilara Findikoglu gown with glittering epaulets and cut-offs that revealed a bit of side boob… and part of her hip bone.Among the male stars in attendance, Colman Domingo was as usual a standout, wearing head-to-toe black Valentino, with silvery appliques scattered from his left shoulder down his lapel to his waist.- Naked ambition -Jennifer Lopez is no stranger to strong fashion statements. Her plunging green Versace gown at the Grammys in 2000 is still a reference for winning the red carpet by adopting the “less is more” rule. On Sunday, Lopez — whose turn in “Kiss of the Spider Woman” was overlooked by Globes voters — wore a figure-hugging sheer gown with bronze patterns snaking over her body, ending in a mermaid fishtail.Jennifer Lawrence –nominated for best drama actress in a film for “Die My Love” — got the memo as well, rocking a barely-there sheer nude Givenchy gown with only a smattering of strategically placed flowers. – Stars slam deadly ICE shooting – Hollywood never quite has a night out without a bit of politics coming into play. On Sunday, some of the stars including nominee Mark Ruffalo wore pins with the messages “BE GOOD” — a reference to Renee Good, the Minneapolis woman who was shot and killed by a federal immigration agent.Comedian Wanda Sykes wore the same pin on her lapel, while actress Natasha Lyonne, a nominee for her TV show “Poker Face,” attached one to her clutch handbag.The campaign is endorsed by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), one of the country’s most prominent civil rights organizations.

Golden Globes kick off with ‘One Battle’ among favorites

The Golden Globes kicked off Sunday, with “One Battle After Another” and “Sinners” expected to dominate the glitzy gala’s movie awards.Host Nikki Glaser kicked off the evening with jokes on wide-ranging topics, including the release of redacted US government files about convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein.”The Golden Globe for best editing goes to the Justice Department,” she said.”There are so many A-listers, and by A-listers, I do mean people who are on a list that has been heavily redacted,” Glaser added, referring to Epstein’s many celebrity friends.The lavish Globes ceremony is a key stepping point in Hollywood’s awards season, which culminates in March with the Oscars, and attracts a glamorous A-list crowd to a Beverly Hills ballroom each year.Leading the evening’s frontrunners is the politically charged “One Battle After Another,” which is expected to convert many of its nine Globe nominations into wins.Paul Thomas Anderson’s screwball thriller, which centers on an aging revolutionary (Leonardo DiCaprio) and his teenage daughter (Chase Infiniti), is the hot favorite for best comedy/musical film.A rollicking ride featuring violent leftist radicals, immigration raids and white supremacists, the film has connected with audiences and critics at a time when the United States is deeply polarized.DiCaprio will vie for best actor at the Globes with Timothee Chalamet, who stars in “Marty Supreme” as an ambitious 1950s table tennis player.Teyana Taylor, who plays an unapologetically bold leftist revolutionary, picked up the first prize of the night for best supporting actress, perhaps signaling a big evening for “One Battle.”- ‘Sinners’ versus ‘Hamnet’ -The Globes offer separate awards for dramas and comedies/musicals — widening the field of stars in attendance.”Sinners,” Ryan Coogler’s period horror film about the segregated South of the 1930s, is expected to be the toughest competition for “One Battle” at the Oscars. But at the Globes, they are in separate categories.”Sinners” surprised moviegoers with its eclectic mix of vampires, politics, race relations and blues music.It is the frontrunner for the best drama film Globe, against rival “Hamnet,” which stars Paul Mescal as William Shakespeare and Jessie Buckley as his grief-stricken wife, as the two cope with the death of their young son.Buckley is the favorite for best drama actress honors.”Sentimental Value,” the Norwegian family dramedy starring Stellan Skarsgard, earned a strong eight nominations and is also in the running.Skarsgard took home the award for best supporting actor. – ‘BE GOOD’ -The Golden Globes went through a crisis period, following a Los Angeles Times expose in 2021 that showed that the awards’ voting body — the Hollywood Foreign Press Association — had no Black members.Now under new ownership, and with the HFPA disbanded, a wider net of overseas critics has been brought in to pick the winners.One of the international movies they may favor is Brazilian thriller “The Secret Agent,” whose lead actor Wagner Moura is a favorite to win best drama actor honors.”The Secret Agent” and “Sentimental Value” will vie for the Globe for best non-English language film with “It Was Just An Accident” from Iranian dissident director Jafar Panahi. The Globes also honor the best in television, with HBO’s black comedy anthology “The White Lotus,” sci-fi office thriller “Severance” and searing teen murder saga “Adolescence” leading the contenders.Several celebrities including Mark Ruffalo, Natasha Lyonne and Wanda Sykes walked the red carpet sporting pins with the message “BE GOOD.”The badges are part of a tribute to Renee Good, the US woman whose fatal shooting by a federal agent has sparked renewed protests against President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown.

Iran: le bilan des morts s’alourdit, le pouvoir appelle à des contre-manifestations

Le pouvoir iranien a perpétré un “massacre”, selon un groupe de défense des droits humains, pour réprimer le mouvement de contestation dans le pays, où les autorités ont appelé à des manifestations lundi en soutien à la République islamique. L’ONG Iran Human Rights (IHR), basée en Norvège, a déclaré dimanche avoir confirmé la mort d’au moins …

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