Conseil constitutionnel: juriste ou politique, la nomination de Ferrand relance le débat

Faut-il nommer des juristes ou des politiques au Conseil constitutionnel ? Le débat, pas nouveau, restait vif mardi autour de Richard Ferrand, proposé la veille par Emmanuel Macron afin de prendre la tête de l’institution et notamment critiqué pour sa proximité avec le chef de l’Etat.Les critiques proviennent de tout l’arc politique. Pour le socialiste Olivier Faure, “il existe un doute sérieux sur les compétences juridiques et l’impartialité” de Richard Ferrand.”C’est le fidèle parmi les fidèles (du président), et cela pose question”, relève le vice-président LR de la commission des lois de l’Assemblée, Philippe Gosselin.Angle d’attaque des politiques et des juristes, Richard Ferrand n’est pas un grand spécialiste du droit respecté comme tel. Sa nomination, combinée à celle de l’ex-députée MoDem Laurence Vichnievsky – par la présidente de l’Assemblée – et du sénateur LR Philippe Bas – par le président du Sénat, accentue la place des “politiques” au Conseil, même si les deux derniers peuvent se targuer d’une solide expérience juridique.Jusqu’à présent, il y avait “un équilibre subtil entre des juristes purs et des politiques qui ont une conscience de ce que c’est l’Etat”, a expliqué sur RMC l’ancien ministre et de la Justice et professeur de droit public Jean-Jacques Urvoas.Mais, si le trio est confirmé par les parlementaires, sept membres auront eu des mandats politiques et les deux autres une fonction de directeur de cabinet dans leur parcours. Emmanuel Macron a ainsi nommé trois anciens ministres – Jacques Mézard en 2019, Jacqueline Gourault en 2022 et donc Richard Ferrand. C’est “une mauvaise tradition (…) car le Conseil constitutionnel, c’est une Cour suprême. Et pour juger, il vaut mieux faire appel à des juges”, estime M. Urvoas. Cette position est aussi celle d’une partie de la classe politique. Pour Marine Le Pen, régulièrement critique à l’égard du pouvoir de l’institution, celle-ci devrait être un “cénacle juridique”. – “expérience” -Au contraire, n’avoir que des professeurs de droit serait une “catastrophe” pour Alain Juppé, “Sage” depuis 2019, car le Conseil a toujours eu une double nature juridictionnelle et politique.”Avoir à l’intérieur du Conseil des hommes et des femmes qui ont eu l’expérience du gouvernement ou du Parlement, c’est un gage de compétence”, estime-t-il car “le Conseil constitutionnel doit s’assurer du bon fonctionnement des pouvoirs publics, du bon équilibre entre le pouvoir législatif et le pouvoir exécutif”.En outre, fait remarquer l’ancien Premier ministre, les magistrats eux-mêmes peuvent être politisés, à l’instar de ceux nommés à la Cour suprême des Etats-Unis.Pour concilier les fonctions juridique et politique du Conseil, les députés communistes proposent que trois des neuf membres nommés viennent d’une profession juridique. Mais cela nécessiterait une réforme constitutionnelle, toujours difficile à adopter. La proposition, pourtant consensuelle de supprimer le droit aux anciens présidents de siéger au Conseil – auquel ont renoncé Nicolas Sarkozy et François Hollande – n’a ainsi toujours pas été votée. – “copinage” -Second reproche fait à Richard Ferrand, celui d’être un fidèle d’entre les fidèles d’Emmanuel Macron, et pas une personnalité politique indépendante , comme Laurent Fabius vis-à-vis de François Hollande.”Un copinage malsain” pour le LR Olivier Marleix. Richard Ferrand “ne pourra pas être président du Conseil constitutionnel le matin et celui qui chuchote au président le soir”, avertit Olivier Faure. Le débat n’est pas nouveau car les mêmes critiques avaient été exprimées contre Jean-Louis Debré, nommé en 2007 par Jacques Chirac dont il était un intime.”Il y a un principe que nous respectons qui est le devoir d’ingratitude. Nous ne devons rien à la personne qui nous a nommés”, assure Alain Juppé, rappelant que la longue durée du mandat (neuf ans) est une “garantie de notre indépendance”.Le député MoDem Erwan Balanant s’insurge, lui, du “procès en illégitimité” fait à Richard Ferrand, rappelant qu’il a été “président de l’Assemblée près de quatre ans (septembre 2018- juin 2022) et rapporteur d’un texte de révision constitutionnelle”.M. Ferrand aura l’occasion de répondre aux critiques lors des auditions parlementaires le 19 février. Pour bloquer sa nomination, ses opposants doivent cependant rassembler 3/5e des voix additionnées des membres des commissions des Lois des deux chambres. “Ce sera très difficile car on se doute qu’il y a eu un deal” entre le camp présidentiel et les LR, assure la députée LFI Gabrielle Cathala.Mais, selon Philippe Gosselin, “la question “n’est pas tranchée” au sein des députés Les Républicains qui doivent faire le point avec les sénateurs de leur parti.  Le vote est à bulletin secret, une surprise est donc toujours possible.far/sde/ dch 

At least $53 billion needed to rebuild Gaza, UN estimates

More than $53 billion will be required to rebuild Gaza and end the “humanitarian catastrophe” that has gripped the war-ravaged territory, including $20 billion in the first three years alone, the United Nations said Tuesday.The global body said in a report that a “political and security framework” must also be put in place so that recovery and rebuilding can begin, and a groundwork can be laid for a political process to quickly end the Israeli occupation “and establish a viable two-State solution.”Much of Gaza — including schools, hospitals and other civic infrastructure — has been reduced to rubble by a withering Israeli military offensive following an unprecedented Hamas attack on October 7, 2023. “The interim assessment offers an early indication of the enormous scale of recovery and reconstruction needs in the Gaza Strip,” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said in the document, cautioning that it was not a full assessment.”The report estimates the recovery and reconstruction needs in the short, medium and long term across the Gaza Strip at $53.142 billion. Of these, the near-term needs in the first three years are estimated to be around $20.568 billion,” he added. In a resolution adopted in December calling for an immediate and unconditional ceasefire in Gaza, the UN General Assembly had asked Guterres to provide an assessment of the territory’s needs within two months. The report assessed that with “over 60 percent of homes” destroyed in the year-plus war between Israel and Palestinian group Hamas, the housing sector requires around $15.2 billion. The commerce and industry sector will need an estimated $6.9 billion, as will the health sector, according to the report. Reviving the agricultural industry will take around $4.2 billion, transport will require $2.9 billion, water and sanitation an estimated $2.7 billion and education $2.6 billion.The report also noted the particularly high costs of $1.9 billion anticipated for the environmental sector “as a result of the massive debris laced with unexploded ordnance and the high cost associated with removal of debris.”The United Nations has estimated that the war has generated more than 50 million tons of debris, including human remains, unexploded ordnance, asbestos and other hazardous substances.”Critically, the Palestinian Authority must be at the center of planning for and the implementation of recovery and reconstruction in Gaza,” Guterres said in the report, which was dated January 30. That was days before US President Donald Trump said he wanted to “take over” Gaza, redevelop the territory and oust the more than two million Palestinians living there. His plan has prompted a global backlash and has been rejected by Palestinians.

Rushdie tells trial of ‘lake of blood’ after stabbing

Novelist Salman Rushdie described Tuesday the moment a knife-wielding attacker stormed on stage and attempted to kill him in a frenzied attack that left him blind in one eye.”The Satanic Verses” author told jurors at the trial of his alleged attacker, 23-year-old American-Lebanese Hadi Matar, that Matar “was stabbing and slashing” at him.”I was aware of this person rushing at me on my right hand side,” he said, recounting how he was about to speak at an arts event in New York state in August 2022.”I only saw him at the last minute.””It was a stab wound in my eye, intensely painful, after that I was screaming because of the pain,” Rushdie said, adding that he was left in a “lake of blood.”He said it “occurred to me I was dying” before he was stretchered out of the cultural center and helicoptered to a trauma hospital.On Tuesday, Rushdie nodded and waved at his wife Rachel Eliza Griffiths, who was in court for her husband’s testimony on the second day of the trial.Matar’s legal team have sought to prevent witnesses from characterizing Rushdie as a victim of persecution following Iran’s 1989 fatwa calling for his murder over supposed blasphemy in “The Satanic Verses.”Matar is accused of stabbing Rushdie about 10 times with a six-inch blade.As on trial’s opening day, Matar said “Palestine will be free” as he was led into court Tuesday. He did not react as Rushdie began his evidence, biting his nails during the testimony.Rushdie, who wore distinctive glasses polarized in one lens to mask his damaged eye, described his treatment and current health.”The injuries were very serious and it took a long time to recover… the gash (in my neck) was so deep it had to be held together with metal staples,” he said.- Staff, guests fight attacker -Matar previously told media he had only read two pages of “The Satanic Verses” but believed the author had “attacked Islam.”New York-based British-American Rushdie, now 77, was rescued by bystanders.Venue employee Jordan Steves told the court Monday how he launched himself “with my right shoulder with as much force as I could manage” to help others subdue the attacker.He pointed to Matar, sitting just feet away in the ornate courtroom, when asked to identify the attacker.Steves’s colleague Deborah Moore Kushmaul said she picked up the discarded knife and gave it to police.The optical nerve of Rushdie’s right eye was severed, and he told the court that “it was decided the eye would be stitched shut to allow it to moisturize. It was quite a painful operation — which I don’t recommend.”Asked to describe the intensity of the pain over the attack, he said it was “a 10″ out of 10.His Adam’s apple was also partially lacerated, and his liver and small bowel penetrated.”The first thing I said on regaining the ability of speech was ‘I can speak’,” he said to stifled laughter from jurors.”How do you squeeze toothpaste onto a toothbrush with only one hand?” he explained when asked about injuries to his hand received as he tried to defend himself.- Freedom of expression case -Rushdie lived in seclusion in London for a decade after the 1989 fatwa, but for the past 20 years — until the attack — he lived relatively normally in New York.He became the center of a fierce tug-of-war between free speech advocates and those who insisted that insulting religion, particularly Islam, was unacceptable in any circumstances.Last year, he published a memoir called “Knife” in which he recounted the near-death experience.One of Matar’s lawyers, Lynn Schaffer, said Monday that prosecutors would seek to present the case as “open and shut” — but warned that police had made assumptions about Matar.The accused reportedly became more withdrawn and militant in his outlook following a 2018 trip to the Middle East.Iran-backed Lebanese Shiite militant organization Hezbollah endorsed the fatwa, the FBI has said, and Matar faces a separate prosecution in federal court on terrorism charges.Iran has denied any link to the attacker and said only Rushdie was to blame for the incident.

Rushdie tells trial of ‘lake of blood’ after stabbing

Novelist Salman Rushdie described Tuesday the moment a knife-wielding attacker stormed on stage and attempted to kill him in a frenzied attack that left him blind in one eye.”The Satanic Verses” author told jurors at the trial of his alleged attacker, 23-year-old American-Lebanese Hadi Matar, that Matar “was stabbing and slashing” at him.”I was aware of this person rushing at me on my right hand side,” he said, recounting how he was about to speak at an arts event in New York state in August 2022.”I only saw him at the last minute.””It was a stab wound in my eye, intensely painful, after that I was screaming because of the pain,” Rushdie said, adding that he was left in a “lake of blood.”He said it “occurred to me I was dying” before he was stretchered out of the cultural center and helicoptered to a trauma hospital.On Tuesday, Rushdie nodded and waved at his wife Rachel Eliza Griffiths, who was in court for her husband’s testimony on the second day of the trial.Matar’s legal team have sought to prevent witnesses from characterizing Rushdie as a victim of persecution following Iran’s 1989 fatwa calling for his murder over supposed blasphemy in “The Satanic Verses.”Matar is accused of stabbing Rushdie about 10 times with a six-inch blade.As on trial’s opening day, Matar said “Palestine will be free” as he was led into court Tuesday. He did not react as Rushdie began his evidence, biting his nails during the testimony.Rushdie, who wore distinctive glasses polarized in one lens to mask his damaged eye, described his treatment and current health.”The injuries were very serious and it took a long time to recover… the gash (in my neck) was so deep it had to be held together with metal staples,” he said.- Staff, guests fight attacker -Matar previously told media he had only read two pages of “The Satanic Verses” but believed the author had “attacked Islam.”New York-based British-American Rushdie, now 77, was rescued by bystanders.Venue employee Jordan Steves told the court Monday how he launched himself “with my right shoulder with as much force as I could manage” to help others subdue the attacker.He pointed to Matar, sitting just feet away in the ornate courtroom, when asked to identify the attacker.Steves’s colleague Deborah Moore Kushmaul said she picked up the discarded knife and gave it to police.The optical nerve of Rushdie’s right eye was severed, and he told the court that “it was decided the eye would be stitched shut to allow it to moisturize. It was quite a painful operation — which I don’t recommend.”Asked to describe the intensity of the pain over the attack, he said it was “a 10″ out of 10.His Adam’s apple was also partially lacerated, and his liver and small bowel penetrated.”The first thing I said on regaining the ability of speech was ‘I can speak’,” he said to stifled laughter from jurors.”How do you squeeze toothpaste onto a toothbrush with only one hand?” he explained when asked about injuries to his hand received as he tried to defend himself.- Freedom of expression case -Rushdie lived in seclusion in London for a decade after the 1989 fatwa, but for the past 20 years — until the attack — he lived relatively normally in New York.He became the center of a fierce tug-of-war between free speech advocates and those who insisted that insulting religion, particularly Islam, was unacceptable in any circumstances.Last year, he published a memoir called “Knife” in which he recounted the near-death experience.One of Matar’s lawyers, Lynn Schaffer, said Monday that prosecutors would seek to present the case as “open and shut” — but warned that police had made assumptions about Matar.The accused reportedly became more withdrawn and militant in his outlook following a 2018 trip to the Middle East.Iran-backed Lebanese Shiite militant organization Hezbollah endorsed the fatwa, the FBI has said, and Matar faces a separate prosecution in federal court on terrorism charges.Iran has denied any link to the attacker and said only Rushdie was to blame for the incident.

France: le taux de chômage quasi stable malgré un marché du travail dégradé

Malgré des destructions d’emploi et une dégradation du marché du travail, le taux de chômage en France a très légèrement diminué au dernier trimestre 2024, moins de personnes ayant activement recherché un emploi, notamment des jeunes, a rapporté l’Insee mardi.Le taux de chômage a baissé de 0,1 point de pourcentage à 7,3% de la population active, le nombre de chômeurs dans la France entière hors Mayotte au sens du Bureau international du Travail (BIT) diminuant de 63.000 en trois mois, à 2,3 millions de personnes. Il reste proche de son plus bas niveau en 40 ans.Mais le taux d’emploi des 15 – 64 ans s’est replié de 0,2 point sur le trimestre, à 68,9%. Surtout, il a diminué de 0,7 point chez les 15-24 ans, à 33,7 %, portant à 1,6 point la baisse sur un an, après plusieurs années de hausse liées à l’essor de l’apprentissage.”Le taux d’emploi des jeunes est en baisse et ça c’est un sujet majeur”, a réagi sur France Inter la ministre du Travail Catherine Vautrin qui pointe également un taux d’emploi des seniors plus faible que la moyenne européenne.Le taux d’activité, qui comprend les personnes qui travaillent mais aussi celles qui recherchent un travail, a également baissé de 0,3 point, à 74,4%, celui des jeunes chutant de 1,5 point sur le trimestre.”La baisse du chômage est liée au fait que, malgré la destruction d’emplois, le taux d’activité a encore plus baissé”, a expliqué à l’AFP Eric Heyer, directeur du département analyse et prévisions de l’OFCE.Selon lui, il s’agit d’une “mauvaise baisse” probablement due “à des personnes qui étaient au chômage et qui se découragent”, ne cherchent donc plus et ne sont plus comptabilisées comme chômeurs au sens du BIT.Ces personnes viennent grossir le halo autour du chômage, qui a augmenté de 138.000 personnes sur le trimestre, atteignant 2 millions de personnes.Ce halo augmente lui aussi “surtout pour les jeunes” et est “surtout porté par les jeunes encore en études”, précise l’Institut national de la Statistique.Mais la part des jeunes qui ne sont ni en emploi ni en formation rebondit aussi de 0,7 point à 12,8%. Ce pourcentage se situe à 0,6 point au-dessus de celui de fin 2019, à la veille de la crise sanitaire.- Hausse toujours en vue -Le taux de chômage au sens du BIT, basé sur une vaste enquête de l’Insee et harmonisé au niveau international, ne prend en compte que les demandeurs d’emploi qui n’ont aucune activité, recherchent activement un emploi et sont immédiatement disponibles. Il est différent du nombre d’inscrits à France Travail, qui a lui augmenté de 3,9% au quatrième trimestre par rapport au troisième, pour atteindre 3,14 millions pour les chômeurs sans aucune activité (catégorie A).Le retournement du marché du travail a aussi été mis en évidence vendredi par les chiffres de l’emploi salarié dans le secteur privé, avec la destruction de 50.100 postes par rapport au trimestre précédent.Les principaux organismes économiques s’attendent de fait à une hausse du chômage cette année.En décembre, l’Insee estimait que le taux de chômage “poursuivrait sa lente remontée pour atteindre 7,6% mi-2025”.On va voir “ce qui se passe sur le halo (du chômage) avant de voir dans quelle mesure on rectifie nos prévisions” avant la prochaine note de conjoncture le 18 mars, a déclaré à la presse Vladimir Passeron, le chef du département de l’emploi de l’Insee.En décembre, la Banque de France estimait de son côté que le taux de chômage pourrait se situer “entre 7,5% et 8% en 2025-2026”, tandis que l’OFCE a prévu une remontée du taux de chômage aux alentours de 8% pour la fin 2025.En effet, avec la loi sur le plein emploi qui oblige les allocataires du RSA à s’inscrire à France Travail et parfois à reprendre une activité, “la population active devrait boomer en 2025, d’une part parce qu’on va réactiver ces gens et d’autre part à cause de la réforme des retraites” qui recule l’âge de départ, pointe Eric Heyer.”En faisant augmenter la population active au moment où on détruit les emplois, je ne vois pas comment le chômage ne peut pas repartir à la hausse”, prédit-il.

US foreign aid halt to have major hit on poorest countries: report

A suspension of US foreign aid and possible dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) will have a major impact on some of the world’s poorest countries, the Washington-based Center for Global Development (CGD) warned Tuesday.For more than 20 economies, a year-long pause on US aid could mean a loss of over one percent of their gross national income, the CGD said in a blog post.And eight economies including South Sudan, Somalia and Afghanistan could face a hit of three percent or more, the group added.The impact is especially severe for those eight economies as more than a fifth of their foreign assistance comes from USAID.The value comes up to 35 percent for Afghanistan, 36 percent for South Sudan and 40 percent for Somalia, the post added.While “US support is too large to be fully replaced,” the CGD noted that other providers’ official development assistance could be refocused and this could alleviate some of the worst effects.The poorest countries are among the main beneficiaries of aid from the International Development Association under the World Bank, which provides loans and grants to low-income countries.Other countries such as Germany, Canada, Japan and Sweden could also step up, the CGD added.”While there’s still time to change course and mitigate some of the worst effects, countries around the world would be wise to act now in response to a less globally engaged United States,” said the CGD blog post’s authors Ian Mitchell and Sam Hughes.US President Donald Trump has ordered a 90-day review of USAID, which runs health and emergency programs in around 120 countries, including the world’s poorest.Less than a week after Trump returned to the White House, USAID told non-governmental groups they would have to cease operations immediately because the new administration had frozen its budgets.

US foreign aid halt to have major hit on poorest countries: report

A suspension of US foreign aid and possible dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) will have a major impact on some of the world’s poorest countries, the Washington-based Center for Global Development (CGD) warned Tuesday.For more than 20 economies, a year-long pause on US aid could mean a loss of over one percent of their gross national income, the CGD said in a blog post.And eight economies including South Sudan, Somalia and Afghanistan could face a hit of three percent or more, the group added.The impact is especially severe for those eight economies as more than a fifth of their foreign assistance comes from USAID.The value comes up to 35 percent for Afghanistan, 36 percent for South Sudan and 40 percent for Somalia, the post added.While “US support is too large to be fully replaced,” the CGD noted that other providers’ official development assistance could be refocused and this could alleviate some of the worst effects.The poorest countries are among the main beneficiaries of aid from the International Development Association under the World Bank, which provides loans and grants to low-income countries.Other countries such as Germany, Canada, Japan and Sweden could also step up, the CGD added.”While there’s still time to change course and mitigate some of the worst effects, countries around the world would be wise to act now in response to a less globally engaged United States,” said the CGD blog post’s authors Ian Mitchell and Sam Hughes.US President Donald Trump has ordered a 90-day review of USAID, which runs health and emergency programs in around 120 countries, including the world’s poorest.Less than a week after Trump returned to the White House, USAID told non-governmental groups they would have to cease operations immediately because the new administration had frozen its budgets.

US foreign aid halt to have major hit on poorest countries: report

A suspension of US foreign aid and possible dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) will have a major impact on some of the world’s poorest countries, the Washington-based Center for Global Development (CGD) warned Tuesday.For more than 20 economies, a year-long pause on US aid could mean a loss of over one percent of their gross national income, the CGD said in a blog post.And eight economies including South Sudan, Somalia and Afghanistan could face a hit of three percent or more, the group added.The impact is especially severe for those eight economies as more than a fifth of their foreign assistance comes from USAID.The value comes up to 35 percent for Afghanistan, 36 percent for South Sudan and 40 percent for Somalia, the post added.While “US support is too large to be fully replaced,” the CGD noted that other providers’ official development assistance could be refocused and this could alleviate some of the worst effects.The poorest countries are among the main beneficiaries of aid from the International Development Association under the World Bank, which provides loans and grants to low-income countries.Other countries such as Germany, Canada, Japan and Sweden could also step up, the CGD added.”While there’s still time to change course and mitigate some of the worst effects, countries around the world would be wise to act now in response to a less globally engaged United States,” said the CGD blog post’s authors Ian Mitchell and Sam Hughes.US President Donald Trump has ordered a 90-day review of USAID, which runs health and emergency programs in around 120 countries, including the world’s poorest.Less than a week after Trump returned to the White House, USAID told non-governmental groups they would have to cease operations immediately because the new administration had frozen its budgets.

US foreign aid halt to have major hit on poorest countries: reportTue, 11 Feb 2025 16:22:05 GMT

A suspension of US foreign aid and possible dismantling of the US Agency for International Development (USAID) will have a major impact on some of the world’s poorest countries, the Washington-based Center for Global Development (CGD) warned Tuesday.For more than 20 economies, a year-long pause on US aid could mean a loss of over one …

US foreign aid halt to have major hit on poorest countries: reportTue, 11 Feb 2025 16:22:05 GMT Read More »