Au salon de l’électronique de Shanghai, des exposants aspirent à la coopération internationale

Les professionnels réunis au Semicon, le salon des puces électroniques de Shanghai, aspirent à une plus grande coopération entre le secteur chinois et le reste du monde, malgré les tensions commerciales croissantes avec Washington. Les visiteurs se pressaient dès l’ouverture mercredi, au milieu des haut-parleurs et des bannières lumineuses.Si les exposants chinois vantent leurs listes de clients étrangers, l’un d’eux proclamant même son désir d'”inviter sincèrement un agent étranger”, des signes de malaise transparaissent, plusieurs entreprises chinoises et une européenne confiant à l’AFP que la question des restrictions sur le commerce des semi-conducteurs en Chine était trop sensible pour être discutée.”Les limitations imposées par les Etats-Unis ont un certain impact sur nous”, reconnaît Zhou Dongdong, chef de produit de l’équipementier Wuxi Evergrand Electronic Scientific Technology. Il estime cependant que ces restrictions pourraient inciter la chaîne d’approvisionnement en puces de la Chine à effectuer “des percées”. En plein essor, celle-ci a subi ces dernières années la pression des Etats-Unis et de certains gouvernements européens, Washington mettant sur liste noire des dizaines d’entreprises cette semaine pour des raisons de sécurité nationale. le président américain Donald Trump souhaite intensifier les restrictions commerciales imposées aux fabricants chinoises de puces électroniques et presse ses alliés de restreindre eux aussi leurs activités avec Pékin, qui depuis quelques années veut devenir autosuffisante en semi-conducteurs, via des milliards de dollars abondés à un fonds d’investissements spécialisé.   – Innovations et difficultés -“Notre rêve est de nous développer au niveau mondial” et “à l’avenir, nous pourrions avoir besoin de coopération dans toute la chaîne industrielle mondiale”, déclare à l’AFP Xiao Jincheng, cofondateur de l’équipementier Suzhou Zunheng Semiconductor Technology.Son sentiment est partagé par Ram Trichur, spécialiste du secteur chez le groupe allemand Henkel: “L’innovation dans le domaine des semi-conducteurs ne peut se faire de manière isolée” et tout l’écosystème doit coopérer “pour être productif”, relève-t-il.Selon lui, les difficultés rencontrées par les entreprises chinoises pourraient avoir pour effet de “catalyser leur innovation afin de réaliser des gains importants dans les technologies de pointe”. Les puces électroniques ont envahi tous les domaines, des réfrigérateurs aux aspirateurs en passant par les smartphones et les véhicules électriques, occupant aujourd’hui une place cruciale dans l’économie mondiale. La montée en puissance chinoise dans l’intelligence artificielle (IA), grosse consommatrice de puces, a été illustrée par la start-up chinoise DeepSeek, dont l’interface R1, lancée en janvier, a démontré des performances similaires aux grands modèles malgré des moyens financiers et techniques nettement moindres. Ce succès a aussi suggéré que les restrictions américaines n’ont pas été entièrement couronnées de succès. Pourtant les fabricants de puces électroniques chinois font face à des difficultés. SMIC, leader du secteur dans le pays, a annoncé en février un bénéfice 2024 quasiment divisé par deux à 492,7 millions de dollars (457 millions d’euros), malgré un chiffre d’affaires de 8 milliards, en hausse d’un tiers.

Judge hears Associated Press suit over White House denial of access

Lawyers for the Associated Press (AP) urged a federal judge on Thursday to restore the news agency’s reporters access to the White House press pool that covers US President Donald Trump’s events.AP journalists and photographers have been barred from the Oval Office and traveling on Air Force One since February 11, because of the outlet’s decision to continue referring to the “Gulf of Mexico” — and not the “Gulf of America” as decreed by Trump.District Judge Trevor McFadden, a Trump appointee, did not issue a ruling at the conclusion of a hearing in the case on Thursday but said he would do so in a “timely fashion.” The AP, in a suit filed against three White House officials, said the denial of access to the wire service violates the First Amendment of the Constitution, which guarantees freedom of speech and of the press.AP lawyer Charles Tobin said at the hearing that the exclusion of the AP from certain official White House events was “abject retaliation” that has had “an adverse impact and chilling effect on the entire journalism industry.”Evan Vucci, chief White House photographer for the AP, testified that the access ban has left the agency “struggling to keep up.””It’s hurting us big time. We are basically dead in the water on major news stories,” said Vucci, who took the iconic photograph of Trump pumping his fist in the air after an assassination attempt last year.Two weeks after barring the AP, the White House stripped journalists of the nearly century-old power to decide which of the profession’s own number will be members of a pool of reporters and photographers covering presidential events.On Air Force One, the press pool consists of 13 newspaper and wire service reporters, photographers and TV and radio reporters, while for events in the White House itself it is slightly larger.White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said the independent White House Correspondents’ Association (WHCA) would no longer have a “monopoly” on choosing members of the press pool.- ‘No First Amendment right of access’ -Brian Hudak, a Justice Department attorney, said at Thursday’s hearing that pool membership is at the discretion of the White House and the president.”There is no First Amendment right of access to the press beyond what is afforded to the general public,” Hudak said.Tobin said the AP has not been admitted to the press pool for 44 days. “The White House changed its policy to a rotation system that happens to exclude the AP,” he said.”The only thing that seems to be consistent is that the AP is not allowed,” added Vucci.The WHCA — of which AFP is a member — condemned the decision by the White House to choose pool members, saying it “tears at the independence of the free press.” In its style guide, the AP notes that the Gulf of Mexico has “carried that name for more than 400 years” and the agency “will refer to it by its original name while acknowledging the new name Trump has chosen.””As a global news agency that disseminates news around the world, the AP must ensure that place names and geography are easily recognizable to all audiences,” the AP said.The 180-year-old organization has long been a pillar of US journalism and provides news to print, TV and radio outlets across the United States and around the world.

US judge orders Trump admin to save ‘Signalgate’ chat

A US judge ordered Donald Trump’s administration on Thursday to preserve messages from a chat group used by top national security officials to discuss plans for an attack on Yemen’s Huthi rebels.The ruling adds to the pressure on the White House after the Atlantic magazine revealed that its editor had been accidentally added to the group on the commercially-available Signal app.Republican Trump has dismissed the scandal as a “witch-hunt” while attacking the Atlantic and its editor-in-chief Jeffrey Goldberg, who broke the story earlier this week.District Judge James Boasberg — who has already incurred Trump’s wrath after ruling against the administration in a separate migration case — said he would order the government to “preserve all Signal communication between March 11 and March 15.”He also ordered the government to file details by Monday showing the steps it had taken to preserve the messages.The dates cover the period between when National Security Advisor Mike Waltz set up the chat — and mistakenly added Goldberg — and the day of deadly US airstrikes on the Iran-backed Huthis.The Atlantic said that Waltz had set some of the Signal messages to disappear after one week, and others after four. “That raises questions about whether the officials may have violated federal records law,” Goldberg wrote.The magazine published the full chat on Wednesday, including sensational messages in which Hegseth revealed the timings of strikes hours before they happened and details of planes and missiles used.Waltz sent real-time intelligence on the aftermath of an attack, writing that US forces had identified the target “walking into his girlfriend’s building and it’s now collapsed.”Trump has largely pinned the blame on Waltz — saying he had admitted he was “responsible” — while denying that any classified material was shared in the group.But he has also dismissed calls by Democrats for top officials to resign and insisted instead on what he called the success of the raids on the Yemeni rebels.- ‘Mistake’ -Trump had also launched a fresh attack on Boasberg the night before the latest ruling, saying it was “disgraceful” that he was dealing with the Signal case and calling the judge “highly conflicted.”The president earlier this month called for Boasberg to be impeached after the judge barring the administration’s use of an obscure wartime law to deport alleged Venezuelan gang members to El Salvador.Pressure continues to mount on the White House over “Signalgate,” however.The top Republican and Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Committee issued a bipartisan call on Thursday for a Pentagon watchdog to probe the claims in the Atlantic.”If true, this reporting raises questions as to the use of unclassified networks to discuss sensitive and classified information,” said a letter from Republican committee chair Roger Wicker and ranking Democrat Jack Reed.Democrats have claimed that the lives of US service members could have been put at risk by the breach, and the row has raised serious questions about potential intelligence risks.Trump told reporters on Wednesday that the prospect of a watchdog investigation “doesn’t bother me.”White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said Thursday that “we have never denied that this was a mistake” and insisted that Waltz had taken “responsibility.”- ‘Successful mission’ -US Attorney General Pam Bondi said Thursday that the breach was unlikely to face a criminal investigation.”It was sensitive information, not classified, and inadvertently released, and what we should be talking about is that it was a very successful mission,” Bondi told a news conference.Washington has vowed to use overwhelming force against the Huthis until they stop firing on vessels in the key shipping routes of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, with the rebels threatening to resume attacks in protest over the Gaza war.The Huthis said Thursday they had targeted an Israeli airport and army site as well as a US warship, soon after Israel reported intercepting missiles launched from Yemen.

US judge orders Trump admin to save ‘Signalgate’ chat

A US judge ordered Donald Trump’s administration on Thursday to preserve messages from a chat group used by top national security officials to discuss plans for an attack on Yemen’s Huthi rebels.The ruling adds to the pressure on the White House after the Atlantic magazine revealed that its editor had been accidentally added to the group on the commercially-available Signal app.Republican Trump has dismissed the scandal as a “witch-hunt” while attacking the Atlantic and its editor-in-chief Jeffrey Goldberg, who broke the story earlier this week.District Judge James Boasberg — who has already incurred Trump’s wrath after ruling against the administration in a separate migration case — said he would order the government to “preserve all Signal communication between March 11 and March 15.”He also ordered the government to file details by Monday showing the steps it had taken to preserve the messages.The dates cover the period between when National Security Advisor Mike Waltz set up the chat — and mistakenly added Goldberg — and the day of deadly US airstrikes on the Iran-backed Huthis.The Atlantic said that Waltz had set some of the Signal messages to disappear after one week, and others after four. “That raises questions about whether the officials may have violated federal records law,” Goldberg wrote.The magazine published the full chat on Wednesday, including sensational messages in which Hegseth revealed the timings of strikes hours before they happened and details of planes and missiles used.Waltz sent real-time intelligence on the aftermath of an attack, writing that US forces had identified the target “walking into his girlfriend’s building and it’s now collapsed.”Trump has largely pinned the blame on Waltz — saying he had admitted he was “responsible” — while denying that any classified material was shared in the group.But he has also dismissed calls by Democrats for top officials to resign and insisted instead on what he called the success of the raids on the Yemeni rebels.- ‘Mistake’ -Trump had also launched a fresh attack on Boasberg the night before the latest ruling, saying it was “disgraceful” that he was dealing with the Signal case and calling the judge “highly conflicted.”The president earlier this month called for Boasberg to be impeached after the judge barring the administration’s use of an obscure wartime law to deport alleged Venezuelan gang members to El Salvador.Pressure continues to mount on the White House over “Signalgate,” however.The top Republican and Democrat on the Senate Armed Services Committee issued a bipartisan call on Thursday for a Pentagon watchdog to probe the claims in the Atlantic.”If true, this reporting raises questions as to the use of unclassified networks to discuss sensitive and classified information,” said a letter from Republican committee chair Roger Wicker and ranking Democrat Jack Reed.Democrats have claimed that the lives of US service members could have been put at risk by the breach, and the row has raised serious questions about potential intelligence risks.Trump told reporters on Wednesday that the prospect of a watchdog investigation “doesn’t bother me.”White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said Thursday that “we have never denied that this was a mistake” and insisted that Waltz had taken “responsibility.”- ‘Successful mission’ -US Attorney General Pam Bondi said Thursday that the breach was unlikely to face a criminal investigation.”It was sensitive information, not classified, and inadvertently released, and what we should be talking about is that it was a very successful mission,” Bondi told a news conference.Washington has vowed to use overwhelming force against the Huthis until they stop firing on vessels in the key shipping routes of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden, with the rebels threatening to resume attacks in protest over the Gaza war.The Huthis said Thursday they had targeted an Israeli airport and army site as well as a US warship, soon after Israel reported intercepting missiles launched from Yemen.

Autos lead market losses after Trump unveils sharp tariffs

Automakers were battered Thursday as stock markets fell on both sides of the Atlantic after US President Donald Trump announced significant tariffs on imported vehicles and parts, pressing ahead with tough trade policies many fear will spark a recession.On Wall Street, the Dow, the tech-heavy Nasdaq and the broad-based S&P 500 all slipped, with General Motors giving up 7.4 percent and Ford dipping 3.9 percent.In Tokyo, Toyota — the world’s top-selling carmaker — fell two percent. Honda shed 2.5 percent, Nissan was off 1.7 percent and Mazda dropped six percent.Seoul-listed Hyundai gave up more than four percent.Among European auto firms, Volkswagen shed 1.3 percent, Porsche lost 2.6 percent, Mercedes dropped 2.7 percent and BMW fell 2.5 percent, helping to push the Frankfurt DAX index down 0.7 percent.Jeep maker Stellantis lost more than four percent.India’s Tata Motors, which exports Jaguars and Land Rovers to the United States, also lost ground — leading analysts to speculate on where markets may be headed. “The trade war has escalated, and unsurprisingly, German carmakers are leading the declines or are among the biggest decliners today,” said StoneX Group analyst Fawad Razaqzada.Jochen Stanzl, chief market analyst with CMC Markets, added: “While investors see a fair chance for successful negotiations between the European Union and the US in the coming weeks, many prefer to wait for these discussions rather than speculate in advance.”Ultimately, these actions could follow familiar patterns of threats before negotiations that produce compromises which Trump can proudly present, Stanzl added.Recent speculation that Trump might not impose sector-specific tariffs in early April has “been entirely undermined by the fact that the president has instead opted to start announcing such measures ahead of that date,” said analyst Joshua Mahony of Scope Markets.There also had been indications that tariffs lined up for Trump’s so-called “Liberation Day” on April 2 could be less severe than feared.However, the White House’s habit of alternating between tough talk and leniency has fanned uncertainty, and the latest announcement did little to soothe nerves.”What we’re going to be doing is a 25 percent tariff on all cars that are not made in the United States,” Trump said Wednesday.The rate, which takes effect on April 3 at 12:01 am (0401 GMT), affects foreign-made cars and light trucks imported into America. The tariffs also apply to auto parts.The move has heightened concerns about the impact on global growth and corporate profits, particularly for carmakers in Mexico, Japan, South Korea, and Germany, said Daniela Sabin Hathorn, senior market analyst at Capital.com.About half of the cars sold in the United States are made within the country. Of the imported vehicles, about half come from Mexico and Canada, with Japan, South Korea and Germany also major suppliers.Japan’s government called the tariffs “extremely regrettable” while Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney called it a “direct attack” on his country’s workers.Carney later added that the era of deep economic, security and military ties between Canada and the United States was “over.”French Finance Minister Eric Lombard warned: “The only solution for the European Union will be to raise tariffs on American products in response.”- Key figures around 2030 GMT -New York – Dow: DOWN 0.4 percent at 42,299.70 points (close)New York – S&P 500: DOWN 0.3 percent at 5,693.31 (close)New York – Nasdaq: DOWN 0.5 percent at 17,804.03 (close)London – FTSE 100: DOWN 0.3 percent at 8,666.12 (close) Paris – CAC 40: DOWN 0.5 percent at 7,990.11 (close)Frankfurt – DAX: DOWN 0.7 percent at 22,678.74 (close)Tokyo – Nikkei 225: DOWN 0.6 percent at 37,799.97 (close)Hong Kong – Hang Seng Index: UP 0.4 percent at 23,578.80 (close)Shanghai – Composite: UP 0.2 percent at 3,373.75 (close)Euro/dollar: UP at $1.0796 from $1.0757 on WednesdayPound/dollar: UP at $1.2947 from $1.2891Dollar/yen: UP at 151.04 yen from 150.54 yenEuro/pound: DOWN at 83.38 pence from 83.41 penceWest Texas Intermediate: UP 0.4 percent at $69.92 per barrelBrent North Sea Crude: UP 0.3 percent at $74.03 per barrel

Israël: une loi clivante sur la nomination des juges adoptée sur fond de contestation

Le Parlement israélien a adopté jeudi une loi renforçant l’influence du pouvoir politique sur la nomination des juges, ce qui relance un projet de réforme judiciaire clivant sur fond d’un mouvement de protestation divisant profondément la société israélienne.Des milliers de personnes ont encore manifesté jeudi soir à Tel-Aviv et à Jérusalem contre le gouvernement, alors que selon les organisateurs “le pays est en danger”.L’amendement modifiant la composition de la commission de nomination de juges a été adopté par 67 voix (sur 120) pour et une voix contre. L’opposition qui avait décidé de boycotter le vote a immédiatement déposé un recours contre le texte à la Cour suprême.Le vote du Parlement témoigne de la volonté du gouvernement de Benjamin Netanyahu, un des plus à droite qu’ait connu Israël, d’aller de l’avant avec son projet de réforme de la justice ayant provoqué, en 2023, l’un des mouvements de contestation populaire les plus importants de l’histoire du pays.Le projet avait été suspendu par l’exécutif peu après le début de la guerre déclenchée par l’attaque sanglante du mouvement islamiste palestinien Hamas en Israël le 7 octobre 2023.Il revient sur le devant de la scène alors que le gouvernement est engagé dans un bras de fer avec la Cour suprême après avoir annoncé le limogeage du chef du Shin Bet, l’Agence de la sécurité intérieure, Ronen Bar, et engagé une procédure de destitution contre la procureure générale du pays, Gali Baharav-Miara.L’opposition et des milliers de manifestants qui descendent quotidiennement dans la rue à Tel-Aviv ou à Jérusalem sont vent debout contre ces décisions du gouvernement et le projet de réforme de la justice, dans lesquels ils voient une dérive autocratique du Premier ministre et les germes de l’avènement d’un régime illibéral.Le limogeage de M. Bar a été gelé par la Cour suprême dans l’attente d’une audience prévue le 8 avril.- “Equilibre” -Une partie des manifestants dénonce la reprise des bombardements israéliens sur la bande de Gaza depuis le 18 mars et exige un retour au cessez-le-feu, seul à même, selon eux, de mener à la libération de la soixantaine d’otages encore captifs dans le territoire palestinien.Le chef de l’opposition, Yaïr Lapid (centre droit), a annoncé le dépôt d’un recours devant la Cour suprême contre la loi sur les juges au nom de plusieurs partis, quelques minutes seulement après le vote du Parlement.Dénonçant un texte “ayant pour seul objectif de garantir que les juges soient inféodés” au pouvoir politique, M. Lapid a accusé le gouvernement de revenir à l’essence même de son projet “qui avait divisé le pays avant le 7-Octobre” au lieu de “concentrer tous ses efforts sur [le] retour [des otages] et l’effacement des clivages au sein du peuple”.Le Mouvement pour un gouvernement de qualité, ONG aux avant-postes du combat contre la réforme de la justice, a également saisi la Cour suprême, qualifiant le nouveau texte de loi de “clou dans le cercueil de la démocratie.Pour son promoteur, le ministre de la Justice Yariv Levin, la loi doit au contraire apporter “un équilibre” entre les trois pouvoirs, exécutif, législatif et judiciaire.- “Comme une muraille” -Les juges, y compris ceux de la Cour suprême, sont choisis par une commission de neuf membres composée de juges, de députés et d’avocats du barreau, sous la supervision du ministre de la Justice.Aux termes de la nouvelle loi, qui n’entrerait en vigueur qu’au début de la prochaine législature (soit au plus tard fin 2026), la commission de nomination des juges resterait composée de neuf membres: trois juges de la Cour suprême, le ministre de la Justice et un autre ministre, un député de la majorité et un député de l’opposition et deux représentants du public, l’un nommé par la majorité et l’autre par l’opposition.Une majorité de cinq membres, dont un juge, sera nécessaire pour toute nomination.Lors d’un débat houleux au Parlement mercredi et face aux manifestations quotidiennes, M. Netanyahu avait accusé l’opposition “d’alimenter la sédition, la haine et l’anarchie dans les rues” et de recycler sans cesse des “slogans ridicules sur ‘la fin de la démocratie'” en Israël.”Le gouvernement veut qu’on oublie les otages, veut limoger le chef du Shin Bet […] mais ils n’ont pas le pouvoir de le faire si nous nous tenons unis comme une muraille”, a lancé l’ancien général Noam Tibon aux manifestants réunis dans la soirée à Tel-Aviv. Ancien commandant de la police israélienne, Roni Alsheikh, a lui lancé à la foule: “C’est vous qui allez sauver l’Etat d’Israël.” Â