Environ 15% des terres cultivables dans le monde sont contaminées aux métaux lourds (étude)

Entre 14 et 17% des terres cultivables dans le monde sont contaminées par au moins un métal lourd, une pollution présentant un danger pour la santé de jusqu’à 1,4 milliard de personnes, alertent jeudi des scientifiques.Cette étude publiée dans la revue Science propose une vue d’ensemble inédite du phénomène de contamination aux métaux lourds grâce à une méta-analyse de plus de 796.000 échantillons de sol issus d’études précédentes et l’intervention d’algorithmes.Après s’être assurés de la fiabilité de ces données et de leur représentativité – les échantillons issus d’études portant spécifiquement sur des sites contaminés ayant par exemple été exclus – les chercheurs ont cherché à mettre en évidence les régions du monde les plus touchées.Pour cela, cette équipe dirigée par Deyi Hou, spécialiste en sciences environnementales à l’université chinoise Tsinghua, s’est intéressée aux zones dans lesquelles les teneurs en au moins un métal – sur sept recherchés dont l’arsenic et le cadmium – étaient supérieures aux seuils recommandés pour l’exploitation agricole et la santé humaine.Les métaux sont en effet toxiques à des doses variables pour l’homme, la faune et la flore, et peuvent contaminer divers écosystèmes via les chaînes alimentaires et l’eau.A partir de l’analyse des échantillons et à l’aide d’outils d’intelligence artificielle (IA), les chercheurs ont évalué qu’à l’échelle de la planète, entre 14 à 17% des terres agricoles étaient contaminées par au moins un métal et estimé qu’entre 900 millions et 1.4 milliard de personnes vivaient dans des zones à haut risque.La contamination peut être d’origine naturelle, dont géologique – les métaux étant naturellement présents dans les roches à des concentrations variées -, et/ou liée à l’activité humaine, comme des rejets de l’industrie, de l’agriculture ou encore l’exploitation minière.En raison d’un manque de données dans plusieurs zones, notamment en Afrique, les résultats de cette étude sont toutefois “insuffisants” pour permettre la mise en place de programmes ciblés d’atténuation des risques, préviennent les auteurs, mais doivent plutôt “servir d’alerte pour décideurs politiques et les agriculteurs”.Selon Wakene Negassa, chimiste spécialisé en analyse des sols au James Hutton Institute, “l’étendue réelle de la pollution mondiale des sols” pourrait par ailleurs “dépasser de loin ce qui est présenté par les auteurs, en raison de la disponibilité limitée des données et d’une sous-estimation probable”.

Trump talks up EU tariff deal as Italy’s Meloni visits

US President Donald Trump said he would “100 percent” reach a tariffs deal with the European Union as Italian Prime Minister Giorgia led a charm offensive at the White House on Thursday.Trump complimented the “fantastic” far-right leader, the first from Europe to visit the Republican since he slapped 20 percent tariffs on EU exports that he has since suspended for 90 days.Casting herself as the only European who can de-escalate Trump’s trade war with Europe, Meloni highlighted her conservative common ground with Trump.”The goal for me is to make the West great again, and I think we can do it together,” she told reporters in the Oval Office, highlighting shared views on immigration and “woke ideology.”Meloni said Trump had accepted an invitation to visit Rome in the “near future” and that he might also meet European leaders there.The two leaders talked up the chances of a deal, one of a series that Trump says he will extract from major trading partners over his world-shaking tariffs.”There will be a trade deal, 100 percent,” Trump said during an earlier working lunch with Meloni, who said she was “sure” they could reach an agreement.But in a sign of the potential challenges ahead, Trump said that he was in “no rush” and that Meloni had not changed his mind on his overall tariff policy.”Everybody wants to make a deal — and if they don’t want to make a deal, we’ll make the deal for them,” Trump added.Meloni was the only European leader to be invited to Trump’s January 20 inauguration, and US officials said she was “eye-to-eye with the president on a lot of issues like immigration and Ukraine.”Trump said that Europe needed to “get a lot smarter” on immigration, returning to his administration’s repeated attacks on the bloc on the subject.- ‘Aware of what I am defending’ -Russia’s war in Ukraine however remained a touchy subject.Meloni has been a staunch ally of Ukraine and President Volodymyr Zelensky since Russia’s invasion of the country in 2022, most recently calling Moscow’s Palm Sunday attack on the city of Sumy “horrible and vile.” Trump however has stunned allies with a pivot towards Moscow and repeated attacks on Zelensky, whom he berated in an Oval Office meeting in February.The US leader said with Meloni beside him that “I don’t hold Zelensky responsible but I’m not exactly thrilled with the fact that that war started,” adding that he was “not a big fan” of the Ukrainian.Meloni had earlier acknowledged the uncertainty weighing on her trip as Europe reels from repeated blows from a country that has been the continent’s defender for decades.”Surely, I am aware of what I represent and I am aware of what I am defending,” Meloni said Tuesday.Italian newspapers reported that one of the goals of Meloni’s visit was to pave the way for a meeting between Trump and EU chief Ursula von der Leyen.Meloni’s decision to personally intercede with Trump has caused some disquiet among EU allies, who are concerned that her visit could undermine bloc unity.”If we start having bilateral discussions, obviously it will break the current dynamic,” France’s Industry Minister Marc Ferracci warned last week. A European Commission spokeswoman said that while the EU alone could negotiate trade agreements, Meloni’s “outreach is very welcome” and was coordinated with Brussels.Following Thursday’s meeting with Trump, Meloni will fly back to Rome on Friday in time to host US Vice President JD Vance, with whom she has a meeting planned.Trump’s threatened tariffs could have a major impact on Italy, the world’s fourth-largest exporter, which sends around 10 percent of its exports to the United States.

Six hurt after shooting at Florida university: hospital

At least six people were hurt, one of them critically, after a mass shooting at a Florida university on Thursday, hospital officials said.The campus of Florida State University in Tallahassee was locked down after gunfire erupted, with students ordered to shelter in place.Local media, citing a police spokesperson, reported one man was in custody.The Tallahassee Democrat newspaper said the spokesperson did not confirm the identity of the man, or comment on social media reports that there was more than one shooter.Witnesses spoke of chaos as people began running through the sprawling campus when shots rang out in the area of the student union.”Everyone just started running out of the student union,” a witness named Wayne told local news station WCTV.”About a minute later, we heard about eight to 10 gunshots.”The eyewitness said he saw one man who appeared to have been shot in the midsection.”The whole entire thing was just surreal. I just couldn’t believe what I was seeing.”Everything was really quiet, than all chaotic.”The university, a public institution with more than 40,000 students, warned all those on campus to take shelter.”An active shooter has been reported in the area of Student Union,” the university said on social media.”Police are on scene or on the way. Continue to seek shelter and await further instructions. Lock and stay away from all doors and windows and be prepared to take additional protective measures.”A statement from Tallahassee Memorial Hospital said doctors were “actively receiving and caring for patients.”A spokesperson for the hospital told AFP: “We have six patients, one in critical condition, and the rest in serious condition,” confirming they were hurt in the shooting.Student Sam Swartz told the Tallahassee Democrat he had been in the basement of the student union when shooting started. “Everyone started freaking out,” Swartz said, adding he had heard around 10 shots.A group of eight people, who were working on a project, huddled in a hallway and barricaded themselves with trash cans and plywood.”I remember learning to do the best you can to make them take time because they don’t want to do anything that takes time, they’re just trying to get as many people,” Swartz said.Footage on social media showed a stream of young adults walking through corridors with their hands in the air as they evacuated the building.Mass shootings are alarmingly common in the United States, where a constitutional right to bear arms trumps calls for stricter rules.Despite widespread public support for tighter control on firearms, including  restricting the sale of high-capacity clips and limiting the availability of automatic weapons of war, an entrenched political establishment refuses to act.A tally by the non-profit Gun Violence Archive shows there have been at least 81 mass shootings — which it defines as four or more people shot — in the United States so far this year.

Opposition leader in I.Coast named election candidateThu, 17 Apr 2025 19:30:57 GMT

Ivory Coast’s main opposition party nominated former minister and businessman Tidjane Thiam as its candidate on Thursday, ahead of an October presidential election.The 62-year-old former Aviva and Credit Suisse executive was the only contender for the centre-right Democratic Party (PDCI).Tensions in the wealthy west African country are running high six months from the scheduled polling …

Opposition leader in I.Coast named election candidateThu, 17 Apr 2025 19:30:57 GMT Read More »

Gaza rescuers say 40 mostly displaced people killed in Israeli strikes

Gaza’s civil defence rescue agency said Thursday that a rash of Israeli air strikes killed at least 40 people, most of them in encampments for displaced civilians, as Israel pressed its offensive in the Palestinian territory.The Israeli military said it was looking into reports of the strikes, which came as Hamas officials said that internal deliberations on the latest Israeli truce offer were nearly complete.Civil defence spokesman Mahmud Bassal said two Israeli missiles hit several tents in the Al-Mawasi area of the southern city of Khan Yunis, resulting in at least 16 deaths, “most of them women and children, and 23 others were wounded”.After Israel declared Al-Mawasi a safe zone in December 2023, tens of thousands of Palestinians flocked there seeking refuge from bombardment, but the area has since been hit by repeated Israeli strikes.Survivors described a large explosion at the densely packed encampment zone that set multiple tents ablaze.”We were sitting peacefully in the tent, under God’s protection, when we suddenly saw something red glowing — and then the tent exploded, and the surrounding tents caught fire,” Israa Abu al-Rus told AFP.”This is supposed to be a safe area in Al-Mawasi,” Abu al-Rus said. “We fled the tent towards the sea and saw the tents burning.” Bassal said Israeli strikes on two other encampments of displaced Gazans killed a further nine people — seven in the northern town of Beit Lahia, and a father and son near Al-Mawasi.Separately, the civil defence reported two more attacks on displaced people in Jabalia — one that killed at least seven members of the Asaliya family, and another that killed six people at a school being used as a shelter — as well as Israeli shelling in Gaza City that killed two.The military later announced it had carried out a strike in Jabalia on what it said was a Hamas “command and control” centre.- ‘Starvation as a weapon’ -Israel said Wednesday that it had converted 30 percent of Gaza into a buffer zone in the widening offensive it resumed in March, ending a two-month ceasefire with Hamas.Defence Minister Israel Katz said this month that the military was leaving Gaza “smaller and more isolated”.The United Nations said half a million Palestinians have been displaced since the offensive resumed, triggering what it has described as the most severe humanitarian crisis since the war began with Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack on Israel.”Every single person in Gaza is relying on humanitarian aid to survive,” the chief executives of 12 NGOs, including Oxfam and Save the Children, wrote in a joint statement.The leader of Qatar, which along with Egypt and the US helped mediate the January ceasefire deal, blamed Israel on Thursday for its collapse.”As you know, we reached an agreement months ago, but unfortunately Israel did not abide by this agreement,” Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani said during a visit to Moscow.- New truce offer -Hamas accused Israel on Thursday of attempting to starve Gaza’s 2.4 million people after Katz said the day before that Israel would continue preventing aid from entering the territory.”This is a public admission of committing a war crime, including the use of starvation as a weapon and the denial of basic necessities such as food, medicine, water, and fuel to innocent civilians for the seventh consecutive week,” the group said in a statement.In parallel to the Gaza offensive, Hamas said Israel had proposed a new 45-day ceasefire through mediators that would include the release of dozens of hostages.The proposal also called for Hamas to disarm to secure a complete end to the war, a demand the group rejects.Two Hamas officials said Thursday that internal discussions on the truce proposal were nearly complete, with one telling AFP “the group will send its response to the mediators once they finish” — possibly on Thursday. “Every time they say truce and just as we begin to catch our breath, the occupation resumes its bombings — even more brutally than before,” said Nidal Wresh Agha, a resident of Rafah.”We pray that this time it is real.”The International Committee of the Red Cross, said it was “outraged” that an explosive hit one of its bases in Gaza on Wednesday, the second such strike in three weeks.It said the strikes “highlight the risks to which civilians, medical staff and humanitarian workers in the Gaza Strip are exposed today”.Israel’s renewed assault has so far killed at least 1,691 people in Gaza, the health ministry in the Hamas-run territory reported, bringing the overall toll since the war erupted to 51,065, most of them civilians.Hamas’s October 2023 attack on Israel resulted in the deaths of 1,218 people, also mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.

Chocolats de Pâques: les cloches s’envolent et les prix aussi

Devant la boutique d’une enseigne parisienne de chocolats, Jacques, 50 ans, énumère ses achats de Pâques: poules, lapins, friture… Du “classique”. Mais cette année, il a choisi des “petits formats” car “les prix ont augmenté”, flambée des cours de cacao oblige.”C’est plus cher que l’an dernier, je dirais d’environ 15%”, dit-il à l’AFP. Pas question toutefois de renoncer à ces emplettes annuelles destinées à sa famille et… à ses propres papilles: “C’est un achat plaisir”.Ce “fort attachement des Français au chocolat”, festif à Pâques et Noël (les deux gros temps forts d’achat) et du quotidien pendant l’année, est “une grande chance pour la profession”, reconnaît Gilles Rouvière, secrétaire général du Syndicat du chocolat, qui regroupe petites entreprises familiales, PME plus grosses et multinationales.D’autant que les achats de Pâques sont aux trois quarts destinés aux enfants, selon les enquêtes de l’organisation, même si les achats pour les adultes croissent plus rapidement que ceux pour les enfants (+8% et +2,4% respectivement en 2024).Les cours du cacao, stables pendant une dizaine d’années, se sont envolés à partir de début 2023. Sur le marché londonien des matières premières, la tonne de cacao valait 1.900 livres sterling (2.200 euros) en janvier 2023, 3.800 livres un an plus tard et a atteint un plus haut mi-décembre 2024, à plus de 9.000 livres. Un prix multiplié par 4,5 en deux ans. Depuis début 2025, les cours ont toutefois reflué et la tonne cotait quelque 6.200 livres fin mars.Les raisons de la flambée des cours ces dernières années? Des conditions climatiques défavorables (pluies diluviennes provoquant des maladies dans les cultures, sécheresse) en Afrique de l’Ouest (notamment en Côte d’Ivoire et au Ghana), ceinture cacaoyère qui fournit 70% des fèves de cacao dans le monde.L’envolée des prix a freiné la demande et poussé des agriculteurs à consacrer plus de ressources à la culture du cacao, permettant une détente des cours ces derniers mois, avec la constitution de réserves pour la première fois depuis quatre ans.- Moins de lapins dans les jardins ? -Mais les fabricants des chocolats de Pâques ont acheté le cacao il y a plusieurs mois, parfois au plus haut.Une enquête réalisée par UFC-Que Choisir pointe une hausse en moyenne de 14% des prix de chocolats de Pâques en grande distribution cette année, par rapport à Pâques 2024.Une augmentation portée à 23% en moyenne sur les marques distributeurs, qui restent toutefois moins chères que les marques nationales, selon les relevés effectués par l’association de défense des consommateurs le 31 mars sur 78 produits.Une envolée qui contraste avec l’inflation alimentaire revenue à moins de 0,5% en 2024. Oliviers Dauvers, expert des sujets de grande consommation, pronostique “un mauvais millésime” des ventes de chocolats de Pâques 2025: “Même si l’inflation est justifiée” par la flambée des cours du cacao, “une part des clients ne peuvent pas suivre, tout simplement”.Un porte-parole du Groupement Mousquetaires (Intermarché, Netto) dit proposer les mêmes produits que l’an dernier, sans baisser la part de cacao. Mais des magasins du groupement présentent aussi des articles de Pâques avec très peu de chocolat, comme par exemple des oeufs fourrés d’une crème au lait.Pas question, assure-t-il à l’AFP, de pousser les étiquettes vers le haut pour ces achats exceptionnels car “la plupart des enseignes proposent plus ou moins la même chose”. L’achat de sujets de Pâques est certes “un passage un peu obligé pour les parents, mais on doit être le plus concurrentiel possible”, sinon le client va voir ailleurs.La plupart des achats de chocolats ont lieu dans la semaine précédent le week-end de Pâques. Il est donc trop tôt pour dire si cloches et lapins seront moins nombreux dans les jardins dimanche. 

Trump insists he could fire independent Fed Chair Powell

US President Donald Trump on Thursday insisted that he could force out the head of the independent Federal Reserve, lashing out after Jerome Powell warned of tariffs-fueled inflation.Speaking to reporters at the White House, Trump said Powell would “leave if I ask him to.” He added: “I’m not happy with him. I let him know it and if I want him out, he’ll be out of there real fast, believe me.”Earlier, in a scathing post on Truth Social, Trump repeated a demand for Powell to lower interest rates, saying his “termination… cannot come fast enough.” Sources also told the Wall Street Journal that Trump has privately discussed firing Powell for months but has not made a final decision, and raised it during private meetings at Mar-a-Lago with former Fed Governor Kevin Warsh.The US president does not have direct authority to fire Federal Reserve governors, but Trump could initiate a lengthy process to attempt to unseat Powell by proving there was “cause” to do so.Powell warned Wednesday that Trump’s sweeping tariffs on virtually every trade partner could put the Fed in the unenviable position of having to choose between tackling inflation and unemployment.Trump’s stop-start tariff policy has unnerved investors and governments around the world, leaving them unsure about his long-term strategy and what it might mean for international trade.The US central bank has adopted a wait-and-see attitude to cutting rates, holding them steady at 4.25 to 4.5 percent since the start of this year.Trump has frequently criticized the Fed chairman, whom he originally nominated during his first term, accusing Powell of playing politics.Trump’s earlier post suggested Powell’s decisions were “Too Late” and that he should have followed the European Central Bank’s lead, which on Thursday lowered its benchmark deposit rate by a quarter point.ECB chief Christine Lagarde expressed her confidence in Powell following Trump’s remarks, saying she had “a lot of respect for my friend and esteemed colleague.”On the campaign trail in August, Trump suggested the White House should have a “say” in setting monetary policy. Democrats, however, have defended the independence of the institution.”An independent Fed is vital for a healthy economy — something that Trump has proved is not a priority for him,” senior Democratic Senator Chuck Schumer said on X in response to Trump’s criticism of Powell.- Powell pledges to stay -While presidents have a long history of clashing with Fed chiefs, any move to force Powell to leave office would be unprecedented in modern US political history.Speaking on April 4, Powell insisted he had no plans to step down as Fed chairman before his term ends next year. “I fully intend to serve all of my term,” he said at an event in Virginia.At the time, Powell also suggested that the Fed was in no rush to cut its benchmark lending rate from its current elevated level.Financial markets see a roughly two-thirds chance that policymakers will vote to keep rates unchanged again at the next Fed interest rate meeting in May, according to data from CME Group.Setting key interest rates is one of the primary levers the Fed exercises in its dual mandate of managing inflation and unemployment.Lowering interest rates serves to make borrowing cheaper and tends to kickstart the economy by encouraging investment, while raising them — or keeping them steady at higher rates — can help cool inflation.US year-on-year consumer inflation slowed to 2.4 percent in March, bringing it closer to the Fed’s long-term two-percent target.That drop was aided by a 6.3 percent fall in gasoline prices, according to official data.

Face au chaos douanier, la BCE s’accroche à la détente monétaire

La Banque centrale européenne a abaissé ses taux jeudi pour la sixième fois d’affilée, espérant contrer l’effet des tensions commerciales exacerbées avec les États-Unis qui menacent la croissance.Les perspectives en zone euro “se sont détériorées du fait de l’intensification des tensions commerciales”, a constaté l’institution de Francfort à l’issue de sa réunion de politique monétaire.L’offensive tarifaire de Donald Trump pèse sur l’économie, avec un “risque de baisse des exportations, des investissements et de la consommation”, a résumé sa présidente Christine Lagarde, ajoutant que le climat financier dégradé pourrait freiner encore davantage l’activité.Ce choc en puissance a convaincu les gardiens de l’euro de donner une nouvelle bouffée d’oxygène en baissant les coûts d’emprunt : le taux de dépôt, qui fait référence, a été abaissé de 25 points de base, à 2,25%, un niveau qui n’est plus jugé pénalisant pour l’économie.Dans un contexte “d’incertitudes exceptionnelles”, qui a vu Donald Trump enchaîner les annonces et revirements spectaculaires, l’institution se garde d’anticiper ses prochaines décisions et va plus que jamais continuer à s’appuyer sur les “données” pour “déterminer, réunion par réunion”, l’orientation de la politique monétaire.”Nous devons être prêts à faire face à l’imprévisible”, a souligné Christine Lagarde, prônant “agilité” et “réactivité”.”La voie reste largement ouverte à de nouvelles baisses de taux”, selon Ulrike Kastens, analyste chez DWS, certains observateurs voyant le taux de dépôt ramené à 1,75 % dans les prochains mois.- Trump chamboule tout – Depuis juin 2024, la BCE a abaissé ses taux à sept reprises, inversant un cycle de resserrement monétaire amorcé deux ans plus tôt pour lutter contre l’inflation provoquée par la guerre russe en Ukraine et ses répercussions énergétiques. Lors de leur dernière réunion en mars, les gardiens de l’euro laissaient entendre qu’ils n’excluaient pas une pause dans ce cycle de baisse des taux, leur optimisme reposant sur les projets de relance budgétaire en Allemagne, premier pays de la zone euro.Le gouvernement du futur chancelier allemand Friedrich Merz prévoit des centaines de milliards pour la défense et les infrastructures, un investissement qui pourrait soutenir l’industrie et la croissance en zone euro, a souligné jeudi Mme Lagarde.Mais le choc externe d’une guerre commerciale a rebattu les cartes. Début avril, Donald Trump a imposé des droits de douane réciproques à tous les pays – 10 % universels et jusqu’à 145 % supplémentaires sur la Chine – assortis de quelques exemptions sectorielles.Une pause de 90 jours a ensuite été décrétée pour les surtaxes supérieures à 10% sur les pays hors Chine, mais cela n’a pas suffi à rassurer les marchés.- Inflation au second plan -A Francfort, siège de la BCE, les inquiétudes concernant la hausse des prix sont passées au second plan: la désinflation est “en bonne voie”, observe la BCE, avec une inflation dans les 20 pays membres de la zone euro qui s’est établie à 2,2% en mars se rapprochant de la cible de 2%.Et l’effet de la guerre commerciale sur les prix est encore incertain, souligne Christine Lagarde : une baisse de la demande pourrait faire refluer l’inflation tandis qu’une fragmentation des chaînes d’approvisionnement mondiales pourrait au contraire pousser les prix à la hausse.Une différence avec les Etats-Unis où le président de la Réserve fédérale (Fed) américaine Jerome Powell a estimé mercredi que les droits de douane entraîneront “très certainement une hausse temporaire de l’inflation”.Il s’est attiré les foudres de Donald Trump selon lequel le patron de la Fed aurait dû baisser les taux “depuis longtemps déjà, comme la BCE”.Face à cette attaque contre l’indépendance des banques centrales, Christine Lagarde a affiché sa solidarité avec son “estimé” collègue américain.”Les baisses de taux, à elles seules, ne suffiront pas à protéger l’économie de la zone euro face aux bouleversements et défis historiques actuels”, prévient Carsten Brzeski, expert chez ING.Une raison pour laquelle Mme Lagarde a lancé en toute fin de conférence de presse un appel appuyé aux Européens pour qu’ils s’attellent enfin aux réformes structurelles attendues de longue date, telles que le renforcement de la compétitivité ou l’union des marchés de capitaux.