Behind Israel’s support for the Druze lies goal to weaken Syria

Israel’s stated commitment to defending the Syrian Druze is, by the admission of some of its leaders, consistent with a long-term strategic goal — the weakening of Syria.Israel, which has occupied part of Syrian territory since 1967, claimed to be protecting the Druze minority to justify several strikes following recent, bloody inter-communal clashes in Syria.In the aftermath of one strike near the Presidential Palace in Damascus on May 3, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said the bombardment should serve as a “clear message”.”We will not allow forces to be sent south of Damascus or any threat to the Druze community,” he said. In March, Israel had threatened to intervene if the new government that toppled longtime ruler Bashar al-Assad “touched the Druze”.However, according to Andreas Krieg, senior lecturer at King’s College London, Israel is not motivated by “altruistic concerns” and is “obviously now using (the minority group) as some sort of pretext to justify their military occupation of parts of Syria”.In a speech last month, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich hinted at the government’s intentions, saying the war in Gaza against Hamas would end when “Syria is dismantled”, among other goals.The country’s interim president, Ahmed al-Sharaa, has confirmed that indirect talks with Israel have taken place “to contain the situation”. When questioned by AFP, Israeli diplomats declined to comment.-‘Druze autonomy’-Entangled in a war with Hamas that has spilled over Israel’s borders, Netanyahu has insisted the country is in a fight for its survival and that he is determined to “change the Middle East”.In 2015, while a member of the Institute for National Security Studies (INSS), Israel’s foreign minister, Gideon Saar, advocated the division of Syria into various ethno-religious entities, envisaging “Druze autonomy in southern Syria”.The plan was reminiscent of the division of Syria imposed between the two world wars by France, then the mandatory power. Paris ultimately had to abandon the scheme under pressure from Syrian nationalists, including among the Druze.Israel’s largest neighbour, Damascus fought in three Arab-Israeli wars — in 1948-1949, June 1967, and October 1973.The last war cemented Israel’s control over most of the Golan Heights, territory which it conquered from Syria in 1967 and annexed in 1981. Following Assad’s overthrow, Israel moved its forces into the UN-patrolled demilitarised zone on the Golan and carried out hundreds of strikes against military targets in Syria.It said its aim was to prevent the transfer of weapons to the new government in Damascus towards which it is openly hostile. The Druze, followers of a religion that split from Shiite Islam, are mainly found in Syria, Lebanon and Israel. In its official figures, Israel counts around 152,000 Druze, though that includes 24,000 who live in the Israeli-annexed Golan Heights, of whom fewer than five percent have Israeli citizenship.- Countering Turkey -According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights (SOHR), 126 people were killed during clashes with government security forces last week in predominantly Druze and Christian areas near Damascus and in the Druze stronghold of Suweida in the far south.After these clashes, Sheikh Hikmat al-Hajri, a Syrian Druze religious leader, called for the deployment of an international protection force and endorsed a community statement asserting that the Druze were “an inalienable part” of Syria.Within Israel, Druze took part in several demonstrations demanding that the government defend members of their religion in Syria.While most Druze in the Golan continue to identify as Syrian, the Israeli Druze population has been loyal to the State of Israel since its creation in 1948 and the group is over-represented in the army and police. “The State of Israel feels indebted to the Druze and their exceptional commitment to the Israeli army,” said Efraim Inbar, a researcher at the INSS. According to Inbar, defending the Druze is also part of the new post-Assad geopolitical landscape in which Israel “is trying to protect the Druze and Kurdish minorities from the Sunni majority and prevent Turkey from extending its influence to Syria”. In contrast to Israel, Ankara, grappling with its own Kurdish problem, supports the new authorities in Damascus and is keen to prevent the Kurds from consolidating their positions in northeastern Syria, along its border.

On patrol for jihadists with Mauritania’s camel cavalryFri, 09 May 2025 17:40:53 GMT

A posse of turban-clad soldiers perched on “ships of the desert” may conjure images of the past but Mauritania’s camelback cavalry play a vital role in the fight against jihadism today.They are the Meharists, heirs to the camel-riding army units founded back in the time when imperialist France ruled the west African nation, who AFP …

On patrol for jihadists with Mauritania’s camel cavalryFri, 09 May 2025 17:40:53 GMT Read More »

Renée et Dédée, 18 ans en 1945: résistantes, déportées et toujours amies

“Dédée, c’est marrant de se revoir après toutes ces années, on est devenues de vieilles nanas!”, s’esclaffe Renée, 98 ans, devant son écran, depuis les Etats-Unis. De l’autre côté de l’Atlantique, en France, est connectée Andrée, 97 ans. La dernière fois qu’elles se sont vues, c’était en avril 1945, à la libération d’un camp de travail dépendant du camp de concentration de Buchenwald, en Allemagne, où elles ont été déportées en juin 1944, pendant dix mois, pour faits de résistance contre l’occupant allemand.Elles ont échangé de vive voix pour la première fois depuis 80 ans, lors d’un appel en visioconférence organisé en avril, auquel l’AFP a assisté. “Renée, je suis toute émue de te revoir”, confie Dédée, d’une voix chevrotante. “Je t’embrasse bien fort ma poulette”, lui dit-elle, envoyant un baiser de sa main.”Pour toi aussi, les souvenirs reviennent?”, demande Dédée à Renée, qui vit aux Etats-Unis depuis les années 1970. “Oh oui ! Et encore, je suis au loin, mais ça sort pas de ma tête, il y a trop de choses qu’on ne peut pas exprimer”. – “Agent de liaison” -Andrée Dupont est née dans la Sarthe, en 1927. Renée Guette naît la même année, à Paris, et grandit dans le Cher, à 350 km du village d’Andrée. En 1943, âgées de 16 ans, toutes deux issues de familles de résistants, elles rejoignent les réseaux de leur village: Assé-le-Boisne pour Dédée, Beffes pour Renée. Andrée, que l’on appelle déjà “Dédée”, est blonde et jolie, atout jugés précieux pour faciliter les opérations clandestines. En tant “qu’agent de liaison”, elle parcourt la Sarthe à vélo pour transmettre des messages et parfois même des armes. Un jour, “j’avais une serviette d’écolier, avec un revolver démonté à l’intérieur, et je suis passée tout sourire” devant les Allemands, se rappelle-t-elle.”Ca oui, tu avais de beaux cheveux blonds et longs!”, s’exclame Renée, du Texas, où elle habite avec sa fille. En 1943, Renée est brune, et tout aussi jolie. Elle est employée des postes et fait passer clandestinement des tickets de rationnement et des messages aux résistants des Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur et des Francs-Tireurs et Partisans communistes. – Déportation -Le 26 avril 1944, Dédée est arrêtée avec le réseau de son village, 16 personnes en tout, dont son père et sa tante. “Je pliais du linge, il était 10h du soir. J’ai entendu des portières claquer. J’ai compris tout de suite”, se remémore-t-elle.Quatre jours plus tard, Renée était arrêtée par un agent français de la Gestapo, lors de la rafle du maquis de Beffes. “Il m’a dit: +alors, jeune fille de bonne famille qui a mal tourné+”, se remémore-t-elle. “Et moi, j’ai répondu, pour lui faire comprendre, qu’il avait pas mieux tourné, et il m’a giflée!”.Les deux jeunes filles se rencontrent à la prison de Romainville, près de Paris, où elles apprennent le débarquement. “On a cru qu’on était sauvées ! Mais les Allemands avaient besoin de nous pour travailler dans les usines de guerre”, explique Renée. Le 25 juin 1944, Renée Guette, matricule 43.133, arrive dans le camp de travail dit “kommando HASAG-Leipzig”, dans le même bloc que Dédée – matricule 41.129 – où près de 5.000 femmes ont été déportées pour fabriquer des armes. Elles se souviennent du travail de nuit, du papier journal caché contre leur peau pour se protéger du froid, des cheveux infestés de poux, puis tondus, des passages à tabac par les Allemands, des corps nus entassés, puis envoyés aux fours crématoires, de celles qui n’ont pas survécu.”Ils nous en ont fait, des vacheries”, lâche Renée.De leur déportation, elles ont conservé des objets fabriqués en cachette: une broche en fil de fer, des barrettes à cheveux. – Hôtel Lutetia -Mi-avril 1945, les nazis évacuent le camp de Leipzig. Les déportées partent alors sur les routes et entament les “marches de la mort”. Renée raconte avoir marché des jours et des nuits durant, les pieds en sang, chaussés de galoches, se nourrissant de colza et de pommes de terre. Elle se souvient de l’Elbe, dans lequel elle s’est lavée pour la première fois depuis des mois, ainsi que d’une balle de pistolet, tirée près de son oreille gauche lors d’affrontements entre “Boches” et Américains. Arrivée à l’hôtel Lutetia, devenu un centre d’accueil à Paris pour les exilés de guerre, Dédée retrouve sa mère. Son père, déporté lui aussi, est revenu des camps. Sa tante, elle, est morte gazée. Quant à Renée, elle a pris le train pour rentrer à Beffes. “Il y avait des soldats français, j’avais peur. On était très marquées”, dit-elle. “Tu sais Dédée, quand je suis arrivée, j’étais pas sûre que j’étais chez moi. Toi aussi ?”. “Moi, j’ai su que j’étais revenue quand j’ai vu le clocher de mon village”, répond-elle. Renée ne se rend plus en France. Mais elle aimerait revoir Dédée, quitte à arriver “à quatre pattes”.”Je t’embrasse Dédée, on se retrouvera peut-être là-haut”, dit-elle avant de raccrocher. 

US, Iran to hold new nuclear talks on eve of Trump travel

The United States and Iran will hold a new round of nuclear talks Sunday in Oman, officials said, just ahead of a visit to the region by President Donald Trump.Trump, who will visit three other Gulf Arab monarchies next week, has voiced hope for reaching a deal with Tehran to avert an Israeli military strike on Iran’s nuclear program that could ignite a wider war.Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said that Oman, which has been mediating, had proposed Sunday as the date and both sides had accepted.”Negotiations are moving ahead and naturally, the more we advance, the more consultations we have, and the more time the delegations need to examine the issues,” he said in a video carried by Iranian media.”But what’s important is that we are moving forward so that we gradually get into the details,” Araghchi said.Steve Witkoff, Trump’s friend who has served as his globe-trotting negotiator, will take part in the talks, the fourth since Trump returned to the White House, according to a source familiar with arrangements.”As in the past, we expect both direct and indirect discussions,” the person said on condition of anonymity.Iranian and US representatives voiced optimism after the previous talks that took place in Oman and Rome, saying there was a friendly atmosphere despite the two countries’ four decades of enmity.But the two sides are not believed to have gone into technical detail, and basic questions remain.US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has insisted that Iran give up all uranium enrichment, even for civilian purposes. He has instead raised the possibility of Iran importing enriched uranium for any civilian energy.Witkoff initially voiced more flexibility before backtracking.- ‘Blow ’em up nicely’ -Trump himself has acknowledged tensions in his policy on Iran, saying at the start of his second term that hawkish advisors were pushing him to step up pressure reluctantly.In an interview Thursday, Trump said he wanted “total verification” that Iran’s contested nuclear work is shut down but through diplomacy.”I’d much rather make a deal” than see military action, Trump told the conservative radio Hugh Hewitt.”There are only two alternatives — blow ’em up nicely or blow ’em up viciously,” Trump said.Trump in his first term withdrew from a nuclear agreement with Tehran negotiated by former president Barack Obama that allowed Iran to enrich uranium at low levels that could be used only for civilian purposes.Many Iran watchers doubted that Iran would ever voluntarily dismantle its entire nuclear program and give up all enrichment.But Iran has found itself in a weaker place over the past year. Israel has decimated Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite militia backed by Iran that could launch a counter-attack in any war, and Iran’s main ally in the Arab world, Syria’s Bashar al-Assad, was toppled in December.Israel also struck Iranian air defenses as the two countries came openly to blows in the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel by Hamas, which is also supported by Iran’s clerical state.The Trump administration has kept piling on sanctions despite the talks, angering Iran. On Thursday, the United States imposed sanctions on another refinery in China, the main market for Iranian oil.Since Trump’s withdrawal from the Obama-era deal, the United States has used its power to try to stop all other countries from buying Iranian oil.

US, Iran to hold new nuclear talks on eve of Trump travel

The United States and Iran will hold a new round of nuclear talks Sunday in Oman, officials said, just ahead of a visit to the region by President Donald Trump.Trump, who will visit three other Gulf Arab monarchies next week, has voiced hope for reaching a deal with Tehran to avert an Israeli military strike on Iran’s nuclear program that could ignite a wider war.Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said that Oman, which has been mediating, had proposed Sunday as the date and both sides had accepted.”Negotiations are moving ahead and naturally, the more we advance, the more consultations we have, and the more time the delegations need to examine the issues,” he said in a video carried by Iranian media.”But what’s important is that we are moving forward so that we gradually get into the details,” Araghchi said.Steve Witkoff, Trump’s friend who has served as his globe-trotting negotiator, will take part in the talks, the fourth since Trump returned to the White House, according to a source familiar with arrangements.”As in the past, we expect both direct and indirect discussions,” the person said on condition of anonymity.Iranian and US representatives voiced optimism after the previous talks that took place in Oman and Rome, saying there was a friendly atmosphere despite the two countries’ four decades of enmity.But the two sides are not believed to have gone into technical detail, and basic questions remain.US Secretary of State Marco Rubio has insisted that Iran give up all uranium enrichment, even for civilian purposes. He has instead raised the possibility of Iran importing enriched uranium for any civilian energy.Witkoff initially voiced more flexibility before backtracking.- ‘Blow ’em up nicely’ -Trump himself has acknowledged tensions in his policy on Iran, saying at the start of his second term that hawkish advisors were pushing him to step up pressure reluctantly.In an interview Thursday, Trump said he wanted “total verification” that Iran’s contested nuclear work is shut down but through diplomacy.”I’d much rather make a deal” than see military action, Trump told the conservative radio Hugh Hewitt.”There are only two alternatives — blow ’em up nicely or blow ’em up viciously,” Trump said.Trump in his first term withdrew from a nuclear agreement with Tehran negotiated by former president Barack Obama that allowed Iran to enrich uranium at low levels that could be used only for civilian purposes.Many Iran watchers doubted that Iran would ever voluntarily dismantle its entire nuclear program and give up all enrichment.But Iran has found itself in a weaker place over the past year. Israel has decimated Hezbollah, the Lebanese Shiite militia backed by Iran that could launch a counter-attack in any war, and Iran’s main ally in the Arab world, Syria’s Bashar al-Assad, was toppled in December.Israel also struck Iranian air defenses as the two countries came openly to blows in the aftermath of the October 7, 2023 attack on Israel by Hamas, which is also supported by Iran’s clerical state.The Trump administration has kept piling on sanctions despite the talks, angering Iran. On Thursday, the United States imposed sanctions on another refinery in China, the main market for Iranian oil.Since Trump’s withdrawal from the Obama-era deal, the United States has used its power to try to stop all other countries from buying Iranian oil.

Measles roars back in the US, topping 1,000 cases

The United States’ measles outbreak has surpassed 1,000 confirmed cases with three deaths so far, state and local data showed Friday, marking a stark resurgence of a vaccine-preventable disease that the nation once declared eliminated.The surge comes as Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. continues to undermine confidence in the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine — a highly effective shot he has falsely claimed is dangerous and contains fetal debris.An AFP tally showed there have been at least 1,012 cases since the start of the year, with Texas accounting for more than 70 percent.A vaccine-skeptical Mennonite Christian community straddling the Texas–New Mexico border has been hit particularly hard.A federal database maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has lagged behind state and county reporting, as the globally renowned health agency faces deep workforce and budget cuts under President Donald Trump’s administration.North Dakota is the latest state to report an outbreak, with nine cases so far. Around 180 school students have been forced to quarantine at home, according to the North Dakota Monitor.”This is a virus that’s the most contagious infectious disease of mankind and it’s now spreading like wildfire,” Paul Offit a pediatrician and vaccine expert at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia told AFP.He warned the true case count could be far higher, as people shy away from seeking medical attention. “Those three deaths equal the total number of deaths from measles in the last 25 years in this country.”The fatalities so far include two young girls in Texas and an adult in New Mexico, all unvaccinated — making it the deadliest US measles outbreak in decades.It is also the highest number of cases since 2019, when outbreaks in Orthodox Jewish communities in New York and New Jersey resulted in 1,274 infections but no deaths.- Vaccine misinformation -Nationwide immunization rates have been dropping in the United States, fueled by misinformation about vaccines, particularly in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic. The CDC recommends a 95 percent vaccination rate to maintain herd immunity.However, measles vaccine coverage among kindergartners has dropped from 95.2 percent in the 2019–2020 school year to 92.7 percent in 2023–2024.Measles is a highly contagious respiratory virus spread through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes or simply breathes.Known for its characteristic rash, it poses a serious risk to unvaccinated individuals, including infants under 12 months who are not ordinarily eligible for vaccination, and those with weakened immune systems.Before the measles vaccine’s introduction in 1963, it is thought that millions of Americans contracted the disease annually, and several hundred died. While measles was declared eliminated in the US in 2000, outbreaks persist each year.Susan McLellan, an infectious disease professor at the University of Texas Medical Branch, pushed back against messaging that promotes remedies like Vitamin A — which has valid but limited uses — over vaccines.Kennedy has led that messaging in frequent appearances on Fox News.”Saying we’re going to devote resources to studying therapies instead of enhancing uptake of the vaccine is a profoundly inefficient way of addressing a vaccine-preventable disease,” she told AFP.McLellan added that the crisis reflects broader erosion in public trust in health authorities.She said it is hard for an individual untrained in statistics to understand measles is a problem if they don’t personally see deaths around them. “Believing population-based statistics takes a leap, and that’s public health.”

La Bourse de Paris finit en hausse, optimiste en vue de négociations commerciales

La Bourse de Paris a évolué et fini dans le vert vendredi, se montrant optimiste après plusieurs annonces venues des Etats-Unis qui nourrissent l’espoir d’accords commerciaux.L’indice vedette de la Bourse de Paris, le CAC 40, a terminé en hausse de 0,64%, gagnant 49,31 points pour s’établir à 7.743,75 points. La veille, il avait avancé de 0,89%, à 7.694,44 points.La place parisienne a suivi la tendance des marchés européens, portés dans un premier temps par l’annonce jeudi d’un cadre d’accord commercial entre Londres et Washington. Jugé “historique” par Donald Trump, cet accord permettra de soulager certains secteurs comme l’industrie automobile ou la sidérurgie britanniques, même si les droits de douane de 10% imposés en avril par le président américain sont maintenus. Il s’agit d’une première inflexion dans la politique douanière offensive du président américain, qui a redonné aux marchés de l’appétit pour le risque. A Paris comme ailleurs en Europe, les investisseurs ont également choisi de “voir le verre à moitié plein” après une déclaration, vendredi, de Donald Trump laissant entrevoir une piste d’adoucissement sur les droits de douane appliqués à la Chine, note Florian Ielpo, responsable de la recherche macroéconomique pour Lombard Odier IM. Dans un message publié sur son réseau Truth Social, le président américain a suggéré d’abaisser à 80% les droits de douane punitifs qu’il a lui même imposés sur les produits chinois et qui atteignent actuellement jusqu’à 145%, à la veille de négociations très attendues en Suisse entre les deux puissances rivales. Même si les négociations peuvent être longues, cela suscite “beaucoup d’espoir chez les investisseurs”, affirme Nathalie Benatia, macroéconomiste chez BNP Paribas AM.  “Les marchés accueillent cette nouvelle, pas avec des confettis et champagne, mais ils se disent +c’est déjà ça+”.Moins bonne note pour StellantisStellantis, maison mère des marques Peugeot, Fiat et Jeep, a fini en hausse de 0,53% bien que l’agence de notation Moody’s a abaissé vendredi sa note, estimant que les tensions commerciales et le ralentissement économique pourraient compliquer le rebond de l’entreprise.La note de la dette à long terme du constructeur est passée de Baa1 à Baa2, a indiqué Moody’s dans un communiqué, mettant en avant un “environnement de marché difficile”.

Chikungunya: la sécurité du vaccin continue à poser question

Une épidémie meurtrière et un vaccin qui suscite des craintes: La Réunion, durement frappée par le chikungunya, continue à faire face à une situation complexe, alors qu’un second décès potentiellement lié au vaccin vient d’être signalé.”Comment la dangerosité du vaccin n’a-t-elle pas été mieux évaluée ?”, s’est insurgée mercredi la sénatrice de La Réunion, Evelyne Corbière Naminzo (groupe Communiste Républicain Citoyen et Écologiste – Kanaky), lors des questions au gouvernement.”Toutes les études de sécurité ont été faites. Je ne peux vous laisser dire que nous utilisons le peuple de La Réunion comme cobaye”, lui a rétorqué Yannick Neuder, ministre chargé de la Santé.Ce vif échange témoigne des doutes autour du vaccin Ixchiq, développé par le laboratoire franco-autrichien Valneva et qui a été suspendu chez les plus de 65 ans après le décès fin avril d’un octogénaire.Or, toujours mercredi, un deuxième décès était évoqué par Valneva et par l’Agence européenne du médicament (EMA), parmi les personnes âgées ayant présenté des effets indésirables après avoir reçu ce vaccin.Le premier cas concernait un homme de 84 ans qui a développé une encéphalite. Le second concernait un homme de 77 ans atteint de la maladie de Parkinson dont les difficultés de déglutition se sont aggravées et pourraient avoir provoqué une pneumonie par aspiration.- “Evaluation approfondie” -“L’imputabilité du premier décès signalé en lien avec la vaccination Ixchiq pour une personne de 84 ans a été évaluée comme très vraisemblable”, a précisé vendredi à l’AFP le centre de crises sanitaires du ministère de la Santé.En revanche, la relation entre le vaccin et le second décès mentionné par l’EMA est considérée comme “douteuse” par l’Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament (ANSM) et le centre régional de pharmacovigilance, sur une échelle d’imputabilité comprenant cinq niveaux (très vraisemblable – vraisemblable – plausible – douteuse – incompatible), selon cette source.Ce décès “n’est donc pas comptabilisé” dans le bilan actuel de Santé publique France (SpF), qui fait état de douze morts “liés au chikungunya” depuis début 2025 sur cette île de l’Océan indien, où elle observe une légère baisse de l’épidémie.Les investigations sur ces cas et les autres signalements de pharmacovigilance se poursuivent, selon le centre de crises sanitaires.Le temps de mener “une évaluation approfondie” de la balance bénéfice/risque, l’EMA a décidé de contre-indiquer l’utilisation du vaccin pour les plus de 65 ans.Cette restriction d’utilisation était déjà en vigueur depuis le 26 avril en France, après trois événements indésirables graves chez des personnes de plus de 80 ans présentant des comorbidités, dont le premier décès à La Réunion.- 40.000 doses dans le monde -Les autorités avaient initialement donné la priorité à la vaccination des adultes âgés de 65 ans et plus, en particulier ceux présentant des comorbidités.Le vaccin est-il réellement en cause ? L’EMA souligne que le motif des 17 cas d’effets indésirables graves signalés jusqu’à présent chez des personnes âgées de 62 à 89 ans ayant reçu le vaccin, et leur lien avec ce dernier “n’ont pas encore été déterminés”.De son côté, Valneva continue d’estimer que le rapport bénéfice/risque de son vaccin est “positif pour la grande majorité des personnes potentiellement exposées à la maladie”. “La société continuera à surveiller tous les effets indésirables graves signalés”, assure-t-elle.Le sérum Ixchiq est un vaccin vivant atténué (il utilise une version affaiblie du virus) contre le chikungunya, une maladie infectieuse due à un virus transmis par le moustique tigre qui provoque une forte fièvre et des douleurs articulaires.Principalement destiné aux personnes vivant ou voyageant dans des zones à risque, il est approuvé aux Etats-Unis depuis 2023 et dans l’Union européenne depuis 2024. Cette année, il a obtenu une autorisation de mise sur le marché au Brésil et au Royaume-Uni.À ce jour, plus de 40.000 doses du vaccin ont été utilisées dans le monde, souligne Valneva.

San Francisco trains hit by systemwide outage

San Francisco’s main public transport system abruptly shut down Friday morning, stopping all trains in the Bay Area and throwing the morning commute into chaos.”Due to a computer networking problem BART service is suspended system wide until further notice,” said a message on the Bay Area Rapid Transit website.”Seek alternate means of transport.”The shutdown left tens of thousands of commuters scrambling to find other ways to work.Pictures showed crowds of people pressing aboard buses, while reports said both the Golden Gate Bridge and the Oakland Bay Bridge — key routes into and out of the city — were clogged.Unlike many major US cities, San Francisco has a well developed public transport network that includes an underground train network, buses, trams and ferries that traverse the bay between San Francisco and other cities in the region.The closure of the BART train system, whose 131 miles (210 kilometres) of track carry more than 174,000 passengers every day, appeared to be related to how the system had powered up after overnight maintenance, communications officer Alicia Trost told ABC7.There was no immediate indication that the problems had been the result of a cyberattack, she said.The halt caused misery for those trying to get to work.David Meland told the San Francisco Chronicle he had waited in vain outside his local station for an hour to see if the service would resume.”It’s happened a lot. BART’s just too inconsistent,” he said. “This is pretty bad.”Patrick Dunn, who had driven to an exurban station to ride into the city said he was going to have to switch transport.”Now I have to take the bus, and I never take the bus,” he told the Chronicle.”I already have a long commute and now I have to wait for the (bus). I’ll be late by an half hour or so.”The shutdown came on the day that the overstretched airport in Newark, one of three serving greater New York, also suffered an outage — the second in the last few weeks.The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) said there “was a telecommunications outage that impacted communications and radar display” at the same Philadelphia traffic control station that guides aircraft in and out of Newark’s airspace.The outage occurred around 03:55 (07:55 GMT) on Friday and “lasted approximately 90 seconds,” a short statement said.