By Howard Schneider
WASHINGTON (Reuters) -A year after U.S. inflation peaked and touched off an aggressive turn in monetary policy, Federal Reserve officials may at last be opening a more encouraging chapter in their policy discussions with the first of what many analysts expect to be a run of data showing renewed declines in key price measures.
Consumer price index data for June released on Wednesday featured a lower-than-expected annual inflation rate of 3%, the lowest since March 2021. June’s CPI reading marked a material leg down in a figure that had clocked in at 4% in May and had topped 9% in June 2022, the highest in four decades.
A separate measure of underlying inflation, stripped of items like energy and food that are tied to world commodity markets, eased to 4.8% from 5.3%, with the half-point drop being the largest in more than three years.
Economists and some Fed officials are starting to be more adamant that Wednesday’s report on how prices behaved last month may herald a long-awaited steady turn down in that so-called “core” inflation, which could continue for the next few months.
Omair Sharif of Inflation Insights noted the “supercore” figure that measures key services categories excluding housing costs “was zero, slightly below my 0.09% estimate.”
Sharif said that augurs for an even lower month-to-month core rate when the CPI for July is released. Coming into Wednesday’s release, he had expected that to be nearer to 0.2% but “the details in today’s report point to downside risk to that forecast.”
A month of good inflation news won’t push the Fed away from an expected quarter point rate increase at the upcoming July 25-26 meeting.
Indeed, at least one Fed official stuck to policymakers’ prevailing hawkish mantra that inflation is still too high.
Richmond Fed President Thomas Barkin spoke at an event in Maryland after the release of the CPI data, and while not specifically addressing that release, he said he still felt inflation had “been stubbornly persistent.”
“No matter how you cut it inflation has been too high,” he said, adding that he agreed that overall demand was beginning to slow, but he wanted to be “convinced” by incoming data it would translate into lower inflation.
The central bank has a 2% inflation target measured against the separate Personal Consumption Expenditures price index, and a closely watched version of it, also stripped of volatile food and energy prices, has been lodged at around 4.6% since December.
Fed officials have said they need to see steady declines there to be comfortable inflation is under control and on a dependable path back to target.
‘MOMENTUM’ NOW ON THEIR SIDE?
Recent data has been somewhat ambiguous – slowing overall job growth for example coupled with still strong wage increases some officials worry will feed future inflation; an improved mood in recent small business surveys offering evidence of economic resilience, but a boost as well in the share of business owners planning to raise prices.
But, importantly, public expectations about inflation have remained under control. A study released this week from the Cleveland Federal Reserve’s Center for Inflation Research found the long-term inflation outlook was “anchored near the Federal Reserve’s 2% target,” a finding generally shared by Fed policymakers who consider any move higher in public inflation expectations a risk inflation itself may accelerate.
The calendar is also turning in the Fed’s favor, with some of the worst inflation months falling from the calculations of annual price increases, and recent, weaker data on housing rents set to become more prominent in the numbers.
Supply pressures continue improving globally, and recent online price data suggests easing goods prices. A measure of prices for goods purchased online, maintained by software and analytics firm Adobe, showed prices fell 2.6% in June, the largest drop since May 2020, led by an 8.3% drop in appliance prices and a 12.9% year on year drop in electronics prices.
Fed officials, blindsided by the persistence of inflation they initially thought would dissipate on its own, have been reluctant to bank on good news continuing. Far from declaring victory over inflation they’ve focused on the risks it might resurge, worried over its stubbornness, and been more likely than not to pencil in higher interest rates if there was any doubt.
But in recent projections 13 of 18 policymakers expected the Fed was perhaps a quarter or a half a percentage point from its stopping point for rate hikes, a fact that coming inflation data may help to confirm.
Some feel inflation has turned to the degree event that may be unnecessary.
In comments this week Atlanta Federal Reserve President Raphael Bostic said he felt the Fed now “had momentum” in its inflation fight and, in his view, won’t have to raise rates again.
“The underlying data is actually telling a very positive story,” Bostic said, and upcoming information may make that clearer.
(Reporting by Howard Schneider;Additional reporting by Michael S. Derby;Editing by Dan Burns)
