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US President Donald Trump has threatened military action against Iran over its crackdown on protesters, while still for now appearing to leave the door open for negotiations over the Islamic republic’s controversial nuclear programme.But should Trump, after weeks of American threats and counter-threats from Tehran, finally decide to order military action after already sending a US aircraft carrier to the region, he faces another dilemma over what form the intervention should take.Such action could replicate American strikes during Israel’s June war against the Islamic republic, enforce economic strangulation by targeting the energy sector or amount to a bid to replace the theocratic system under supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.- Venezuela economic pressure scenarioTrump’s relatively cautious stance so far has sparked speculation he could target Iranian energy infrastructure and squeeze its oil exports, mimicking a strategy Washington used over Venezuela.This policy earlier this month led to the capture of Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro, with Trump then working with the remnants of his former administration.The US naval group in Middle East waters could look to block “dark fleet vessels” carrying Iranian oil and put pressure on Iran’s oil exports, said Farzan Sabet, managing researcher of the Sanctions and Sustainable Peace Hub at the Geneva Graduate Institute.”And that pressure can be gradual, similar to what we saw in Venezuela. It could play out over days, weeks, months, it’s hard to foresee, but possibly longer,” he said, while acknowledging that Trump was playing “his cards very close to his chest”.The naval group, repeatedly described as an “armada” by Trump, consists of the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln and its more than 80 aircraft, as well as its escort of three destroyers, equipped with anti-missile capabilities and Tomahawk cruise missiles.- Strikes on military and IRGC targetsIf Trump decides on a course of military action, prime targets would be bases of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) and its youth militia, the Basij, which are accused by rights groups of taking a frontline role in the deadly crackdown on the protests that according to rights groups left thousands dead. Using Tomahawk missiles and combat aircraft, the United States could strike positions of the Basij and the IRGC forces, “particularly those forces that participated and continue to participate in targeting Iranian protesters”, said independent military researcher Eva J. Koulouriotis.She said US intelligence, helped by Israel’s Mossad spy agency, has “a clear picture” of those forces and their location nationwide. “Such a strike would serve as a direct warning to the Iranian regime,” she said.During its June war against Tehran, Israel showed its deep intelligence penetration of the Islamic republic by killing senior security officials including the IRGC’s chief and the armed forces chief of staff in targeted strikes based on location intelligence.In a “harsh but measured strike”, the United States could target “operations command and senior officers involved in mass killings carried out by the Iranian regime”, she said.- Massive strikes and regime change bid -Iran’s theocratic system has been in place since the 1979 revolution led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini that ousted the largely pro-Western shah.Relations with the United States were cut in the wake of the hostage siege of the US embassy in Tehran that began that year and have remained severed ever since.Under Khomeini, the revolution survived the war with Iraq in the 1980s. Since Khamenei took over in 1989, he has managed to keep the system in place despite economic sanctions and repeated protests.As well as the so-called “armada”, Washington already has a heavy deployment of military resources in the region with dozens of aircraft deployed at the air bases of Al Udeid in Qatar and Al Dhafra in the United Arab Emirates.”The American objective is to destabilise the regime,” said David Khalfa, co-founder of the Atlantic Middle East Forum (AMEF) think-tank.”So there is really a strategy that will aim to paralyse it, to disrupt the chain of command” marked by the physical “elimination” of Khamenei, his close advisors and senior IRGC generals, he added.But he said: “The regime is still relatively solid and resilient, it will not be an easy task”, especially as “the Guards have anticipated this scenario”.Sabet said it would appear for now that Washington “would prefer something limited, where they can continue the process of weakening the system while minimising the Islamic republic’s desire — and to some extent its ability, but mostly its desire –- to carry out larger-scale retaliation”.

Hospitals are no longer places of safety as Iran’s crackdown on anti-government protests impacts all aspects of life, rights groups say, with authorities arresting wounded protesters and even the medics who treat them.Activists accuse security forces of killing thousands of people and wounding more by directly firing on protests, often with birdshot that can leave metal pellets lodged in the body until hygienically extracted by a professional.But rights groups say authorities have raided hospitals searching for people with wounds that suggest they were involved in protests. At least five doctors have meanwhile been arrested for treating them, according to the World Health Organisation.Amnesty International said security forces had “arrested protesters receiving treatment in hospitals”, adding it had received information that medical staff in central Isfahan province had been ordered to notify authorities about patients with injuries from gunshots and shotgun pellets. The New York-based Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI) said it “has documented cases in which security forces raided hospitals to identify and arrest protesters injured during demonstrations”.In apparent response to the charges, Iran’s health ministry this week urged those injured in the protests should “not worry” about going to hospital and not self-treat at home.According to the Tasnim news agency, Mohammad Raeeszadeh, head of the Medical Council of Iran said Friday that “only a very limited number” of medical personnel had been arrested over the protests, without indicating why they were held.”There are no reports of anyone being arrested for seeing patients or performing their professional duties,” he added.- ‘Raiding medical facilities’ -Sajad Rahimi, 36, from Iran’s Gulf island of Qeshm, was badly wounded after security forces shot at him when he joined a protest in the southern province of Fars at the peak of the movement on January 9, according to Norway-based NGO Iran Human Rights.But, fearing he could be shot dead by security forces in a “coup de grace”, he asked friends not to take him directly to hospital, said IHR, which has investigated this and several other cases and spoke to the man’s brother.Eventually, the family transferred him to hospital, but he died as a result of a deep wound caused by live ammunition and severe bleeding. “The doctor said that if he had arrived at the hospital just ten minutes earlier, he would probably have survived,” his brother told IHR.The group said it had reports of “security forces raiding certain medical facilities and informal shelters for the wounded in order to arrest medical staff and volunteer first responders”. The Hengaw rights group, also based in Norway, highlighted the case of Dr Ali Reza Golchni, a physician from the city of Qazvin, northwest of Tehran, who it said had been arrested “for providing medical care to injured protesters”.- ‘Grave violations’ -World Health Organisation director general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said he was “deeply concerned by multiple reports of health personnel and medical facilities in Iran being impacted by the recent insecurity, and prevented from delivering their essential services to people requiring care”.He said there were reports of “at least five doctors detained, while treating injured patients”.The World Medical Association (WMA) said it had received reports that security forces arrested injured protesters in both the Isfahan and the southwestern province of Chaharmahal-and-Bakhtiari.  “Hospital staff have also been instructed to report patients suffering gunfire injuries to security authorities, with non-compliance exposing them to prosecution and other reprisals,” it said, citing information received by the WMA.Hengaw also cited the case of Taher Malekshahi, a 12-year-old Kurdish-Iranian boy from Qorveh in western Iran who was severely injured after being shot in the face and eyes with pellet ammunition.It said he lost one eye and suffered serious damage to the other, publishing a picture of his face with the boy’s entire forehead pock-marked with pellet wounds.It said while he was currently receiving intensive medical treatment in Tehran, “authorities have pressured his family to falsely claim he was wounded by ‘terrorists’ in exchange for state recognition as a war-disabled victim.”

South Africa ordered Israel’s top diplomat to leave the country within 72 hours on Friday, citing a “series of violations” and prompting the Israeli government to expel Pretoria’s own diplomatic representative.Ties between the nations are already strained by South Africa’s case before the United Nations top court in 2023 to argue that Israel’s war on Gaza amounts to genocide. The South African foreign ministry said it had informed Israel that its charge d’affaires, Ariel Seidman, was “persona non grata” and “required to depart from the Republic within 72 hours”.”This decisive measure follows a series of unacceptable violations of diplomatic norms and practice which pose a direct challenge to South Africa’s sovereignty,” it said.Breaches included “the repeated use of official Israeli social media platforms to launch insulting attacks” on President Cyril Ramaphosa, the statement said.The foreign ministry also accused the embassy of a “deliberate failure” to inform South Africa of visits by senior Israeli officials.The Israeli foreign ministry swiftly responded that South Africa’s senior diplomatic representative, Shaun Byneveldt, “is persona non grata and must leave Israel within 72 hours”.In a statement on X, it accused Pretoria of “false attacks against Israel in the international arena” and described Seidman’s expulsion as a “unilateral, baseless step”.Seidman was Israel’s most senior representative in South Africa after Tel Aviv recalled its ambassador in 2023.- ‘Abuse of privilege’ -South African officials were angered by a tweet from the Israeli embassy in November that commented: “A rare moment of wisdom and diplomatic clarity from President Ramaphosa.”The post was in reaction to a news story citing Ramaphosa as saying “boycott politics doesn’t work”, in reference to US President Donald Trump’s decision to not attend the G20 summit in Johannesburg.South African government officials also condemned as a breach of protocol a visit by an Israeli delegation this month to the Eastern Cape province where delegates reportedly offered to provide water, healthcare and agriculture expertise. The visit was hosted by a traditional king from the Xhosa people who had met Israeli President Isaac Herzog in Israel in December.The South African foreign ministry said it had not been informed of the visit, which included senior Israeli diplomat David Saranga.It said diplomatic breaches by Israel “represent a gross abuse of diplomatic privilege”.”They have systematically undermined the trust and protocols essential for bilateral relations,” it said.South Africa’s foreign affairs spokesman also hit back at Israel’s tit-for-tat expulsion of Byneveldt, saying he was “ambassador to the State of Palestine not Israel”.”Israel’s obstructionism forces a farcical arrangement where he is accredited through the very state that occupies his host country,” spokesman Chrispin Phiri said on X.- Genocide case -South Africa, which hosts the largest Jewish community in sub-Saharan Africa, is sharply critical of Israel and largely supportive of the Palestinian cause.The government filed a case against Israel with the International Court of Justice in 2023 saying that its war on Gaza — which followed the October 2023 attack on Israel by militants from the Palestinian group Hamas — breached the 1948 United Nations Genocide Convention.Israel has denied that accusation.When more than 150 Palestinians flew into South Africa in November without departure stamps from Israel on their passports, South African Foreign Minister Ronald Lamola said there appeared to be “a clear agenda to cleanse Palestinians out of Gaza and the West Bank”.There have been regular protests in South Africa against the Israeli government’s and military’s actions in Gaza, including calls for the embassy in Pretoria to be closed.South Africa’s ties with the Trump administration — a strong ally of Israel — have also deteriorated over the past year, with the case before the ICJ a major sticking point.

Perched on a hill overlooking Carthage, Tunisia’s famed blue-and-white village of Sidi Bou Said now faces the threat of landslides, after record rainfall tore through parts of its slopes.Last week, Tunisia saw its heaviest downpour in more than 70 years. The storm killed at least five people, with others still missing.Narrow streets of this village north of Tunis — famed for its pink bougainvillea and studded wooden doors — were cut off by fallen trees, rocks and thick clay. Even more worryingly for residents, parts of the hillside have broken loose.”The situation is delicate” and “requires urgent intervention”, Mounir Riabi, the regional director of civil defence in Tunis, recently told AFP.”Some homes are threatened by imminent danger,” he said.Authorities have banned heavy vehicles from driving into the village and ordered some businesses and institutions to close, such as the Ennejma Ezzahra museum.- Scared -Fifty-year-old Maya, who did not give her full name, said she was forced to leave her century-old family villa after the storm.”Everything happened very fast,” she recalled. “I was with my mother and, suddenly, extremely violent torrents poured down.””I saw a mass of mud rushing toward the house, then the electricity cut off. I was really scared.”Her Moorish-style villa sustained significant damage.One worker on site, Said Ben Farhat, said waterlogged earth sliding from the hillside destroyed part of a kitchen wall.”Another rainstorm and it will be a catastrophe,” he said.Shop owners said the ban on heavy vehicles was another blow to their businesses, as they usually rely on tourist buses to bring in traffic.When President Kais Saied visited the village on Wednesday, vendors were heard shouting: “We want to work.”One trader, Mohamed Fedi, told AFP afterwards there were “no more customers”.”We have closed shop,” he said, adding that the shops provide a livelihood to some 200 families.- Highly unstable -Beyond its famous architecture, the village also bears historical and spiritual significance.The village was named after a 12th-century Sufi saint, Abu Said al-Baji, who had established a religious centre there. His shrine still sits atop the hill.The one-time home of French philosopher Michel Foucault and writer Andre Gide, the village is protected under Tunisian preservation law, pending a UNESCO decision on its bid for World Heritage status.Experts say solutions to help preserve Sidi Bou Said could include restricting new development, building more retaining walls and improving drainage to prevent runoff from accumulating.Chokri Yaich, a geologist speaking to Tunisian radio Mosaique FM, said climate change has made protecting the hill increasingly urgent, warning of more storms like last week’s.The hill’s clay-rich soil loses up to two thirds of its cohesion when saturated with water, making it highly unstable, Yaich explained.He also pointed to marine erosion and the growing weight of urbanisation, saying that construction had increased by about 40 percent over the past three decades.For now, authorities have yet to announce a protection plan, leaving home and shop owners anxious, as the weather remains unpredictable.

Iran’s top diplomat said Friday that his country’s missile and defence capabilities would “never” be on the negotiating table, as US President Donald Trump appeared to cool on threats of a strike after a military build-up in the region. Tehran and Washington have been trading warnings since Trump first threatened to intervene over a deadly crackdown on recent protests and sent a naval fleet to the Middle East. But the US president brought the temperature down late on Thursday, saying he hoped to avoid military action and that talks with Iran were on the cards, having pressured Tehran for a deal on its nuclear programme, which the West believes is aimed at making an atomic bomb. Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Tehran was “ready to begin negotiations if they take place on an equal footing, based on mutual interests and mutual respect”, during a visit to Turkey, which has led a diplomatic push to mediate between Tehran and Washington. But, he emphasised, “I want to state firmly that Iran’s defensive and missile capabilities will never be subject to negotiation”, adding that no plans were in place to meet with US officials about resuming talks.  The Axios news site on Monday reported that US officials say any deal with Tehran would have to include a cap on its stockpile of long-range missiles, along with the removal of enriched uranium from the country and a ban on independent enrichment. Serhan Afacan, director of IRAM, the Ankara-based Centre for Iranian Studies, told AFP that trying to broker a deal now on the nuclear file along with other issues would likely “be impossible”. “For now, the ballistic missile programme remains a red line, as it sits at the core of Iran’s defence architecture,” he said. – ‘Reducing’ tensions -Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan said restarting talks between Tehran and Washington over Iran’s nuclear programme was “vital for reducing regional tensions”. Speaking at a joint press conference in Istanbul with Araghchi, he said Israel was pushing for the United States to attack Iran, and urged Washington to “act with common sense and not allow this to happen”. Iran has blamed the United States and Israel for the protests that erupted in late December over economic grievances and peaked on January 8 and 9, accusing the two countries of fuelling a “terrorist operation” that turned peaceful demonstrations into “riots”. Araghchi was also due to meet with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, who told his Iranian counterpart Masoud Pezeshkian by phone earlier Friday that Turkey was “ready to assume a facilitating role between Iran and the United States to de-escalate the tensions”. Pezeshkian, meanwhile, said the success of diplomacy depended on the “goodwill of the parties involved and the abandonment of belligerent and threatening actions in the region”, his office said.As well as Turkey’s diplomatic efforts to stave off a military confrontation, Erdogan has also been pushing Washington for a high-level trilateral meeting, a Turkish diplomat said, confirming local media reports.- ‘Consequences’ -Other regional actors have joined calls for diplomacy, including Gulf states, some of which host US military sites, and Tehran’s ally Russia. Pezeshkian urged coordinated regional efforts to reduce tensions in a call with UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, saying Iran has “never sought war” but any aggression against it would “receive an immediate and firm response”. The European Union also urged against military action, but sent a message of condemnation to Tehran over the crackdown on protests — which rights groups say killed thousands of people — by designating Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) a “terrorist organisation”. Iran quickly hit out at the move, with its judiciary chief calling it “hostile” on Friday and saying Europe “will suffer the consequences of their foolish act”, without elaborating. Araghchi in Istanbul also called the designation a “mistake”, adding Europe was a “continent in decline, and it has lost its role at the international level”. The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) said it has confirmed 6,479 people killed in the demonstrations, including 6,092 protesters and 118 children, as internet restrictions imposed on January 8 continue to hinder access to information inside the country. But rights groups warn the toll is likely far higher, with estimates in the tens of thousands. Iranian authorities acknowledge that thousands were killed during the protests, giving a toll of more than 3,000 deaths, but say the majority were members of the security forces or bystanders killed by “rioters”. burs-sw/sjw/smw

Israel announced it would reopen the crucial Rafah crossing between Gaza and Egypt on Sunday after months of urging from the UN, humanitarian organisations and ordinary Palestinians — but only for the “limited movement of people”.Earlier on Friday, the Islamist movement Hamas had called for the “immediate transition to the second phase” of the ongoing US-brokered truce in Gaza, namely its provision for the reopening of Rafah, as well as the entry of a technocratic Palestinian committee to administer the territory.Israel had previously expressed its unwillingness to reopen the gateway until getting back the remains of Ran Gvili, the last hostage to be held in Gaza, who was recovered earlier this week and laid to rest in Israel on Wednesday.”The Rafah Crossing will open this coming Sunday (February 1st) in both directions, for limited movement of people only,” COGAT, an Israeli defence ministry body overseeing civil affairs in the occupied Palestinian territories, said in a statement on Friday.Entry and exit “will be permitted in coordination with Egypt, following prior security clearance of individuals by Israel, and under the supervision of the European Union mission”, it added.The crossing, situated on the territory’s southern border with Egypt, is the only route in and out of Gaza that does not pass through Israel.It lies in territory held by Israeli forces since their pull-back behind the so-called “Yellow Line” under the terms of the ceasefire deal. Israeli troops still control more than half of Gaza.The gateway is a vital entry point for aid, but has been closed since Israeli forces took control of it in May 2024 — except for a limited reopening in early 2025 — and past bids to reopen it have failed to materialise.The fragile Gaza ceasefire has been in force since October 10.The plan, outlined by US president Donald Trump to put an end to the war, calls for the crossing to be reopened now that all hostages held by Palestinian militants have been released or returned to Israel.Prior to Israel’s announcement, Mirjana Spoljaric, the president of the International Committee of the Red Cross, had called on Friday for the international community “harness the momentum generated by the first phase of the agreement between Israel and Hamas to urgently improve the dire humanitarian conditions in Gaza”.Spoljaric said this included Israel easing entry restrictions on so-called dual-use material and equipment, such as water pipes and generators, to restore basic infrastructure.The humanitarian situation in the territory of more than two million people remains grave, with most of the population displaced and many living in tents with little or no sanitation amid harsh winter weather.- Disarmament -Phase two of the ceasefire deal also stipulates the disarmament of Hamas, which has repeatedly called the issue of its weapons a red line, though it has suggested it could be willing to hand them over to a Palestinian governing authority.In return, Israel’s military is meant to gradually withdraw, with an international stabilisation force deployed in its stead.On Thursday, US President Donald Trump told his cabinet that “it looks like” Hamas would disarm, though the group has offered no confirmation.Washington had previously announced that the truce deal was entering its second phase with the naming of the Palestinian technocratic committee that will oversee day-to-day governance in the devastated territory.The reopening of Rafah is expected to allow the entry of the 15-member body, known as the National Committee for the Administration of Gaza, which answers to Trump’s “Board of Peace”.Since the ceasefire went into effect, Israel and Hamas have traded accusations of violations on a daily basis.The Israeli military said on Friday that it had identified “eight terrorists” who emerged from underground overnight, and that the air force had “struck and eliminated three” of them.Without providing information on the identities of the targets, it added that further strikes were launched and that “soldiers continue to conduct searches in the area in order to locate and eliminate all the terrorists”.The Gaza war was sparked by Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack on Israel, which resulted in the deaths of 1,221 people, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.The Israeli retaliation flattened much of Gaza, a territory that was already suffering severely from previous rounds of fighting and from an Israeli blockade imposed since 2007.The two-year war has left more than 71,600 people dead in Gaza, according to the Hamas-run territory’s health ministry, figures considered reliable by the United Nations.

When Hani Massalkhi went to pay his electricity bill in Damascus this week, he discovered that, under the new tariffs, the amount due was higher than his monthly income.Massalkhi, a retired agricultural engineer who lives on a $70-a-month pension, left without paying.”My bill used to vary between 15,000 and 20,000 pounds (less than $2). Now, it has surpassed 800,000 pounds”, or $72, he told AFP.In October, Syria’s energy ministry hiked prices by up to 6,000 percent, sending shockwaves through a population already reeling from more than 13 years of war.”Where are we supposed to get this money from?” Massalkhi wondered. “People are emerging from a crisis, exhausted…they can’t even put food on the table.”Authorities said the increase comes “within the framework of a project to reform the electricity sector, achieve sustainability, and improve service”.But, with most of Syria’s population living below the poverty line and the minimum wage at around $75, many have found themselves unable to pay the new tariffs.An official at the energy ministry did not respond to an AFP request for comment on the new prices.- ‘Electricity is a right’ -Since the ousting of longtime ruler Bashar al-Assad in 2024, the new Syrian authorities have repeatedly vowed to increase electricity production in a country where power cuts can last up to 20 hours a day.Over the past year, they have signed contracts and memoranda of understanding to import gas from Turkey and Qatar to increase production.They also hope to attract funding and investments to rehabilitate Syria’s dilapidated infrastructure.The World Bank estimates that post-war reconstruction will cost more than $216 billion. However, citizens have yet to feel noticeable changes in their living conditions.Damascus residents now receive up to six hours of state-provided electricity daily, but those outside the capital remain mostly in the dark.Mohamad Ahmad, an economist and energy specialist at the Syria-focused consultancy Karam Shaar Advisory, told AFP that the price increase “primarily aims to prevent the financial collapse of the electricity sector”.”The core problem is not the tariff increase itself, but rather the erosion of wage purchasing power, particularly given that some employees earn less than $100 per month,” he added.On Thursday, a handful of people gathered outside the energy ministry in Damascus to protest the new tariffs, something unimaginable under the former government.They held placards that read “we won’t pay”, condemning the widening gap between incomes and bills.Protester Mohammed Daher, a retired public employee, told AFP that he now receives only two hours of electricity a day in the Tadamon suburb of Damascus.He said that although he carefully rations his power use at home, he was “shocked to find out that my bill has surpassed 350,000 pounds ($31),” when it used to be less than $2.”Where am I supposed to get that money from?” he added, saying his income was just $62 a month.Feminist activist Sawsan Zakzak, 65, said she had been limiting her electricity consumption because she and her husband live on low pensions.”We do not use air conditioning, and this year we did not use the boiler,” she said as she held a placard that read “electricity service is a right”. “We also only watch television for a short period of time, fearing high tariffs.”

Iran’s foreign minister was in Turkey on Friday as Ankara led a diplomatic push to mediate between Tehran and Washington, after US President Donald Trump cooled threats of an imminent strike on the Islamic republic. Tehran and Washington have been trading warnings since Trump threatened military action over a deadly crackdown on protests that erupted in late December over economic grievances and peaked on January 8 and 9. Pressure mounted after the United States moved a naval fleet into the region, with Trump warning time was “running out” for Tehran, pushing for Iran to make a deal on its nuclear programme, which the West believes is aimed at making an atomic bomb. The US president brought the temperature down late on Thursday, saying he hoped to avoid military action and saying talks were on the cards with Iran. “We have a group headed out to a place called Iran, and hopefully we won’t have to use it,” Trump said, while speaking to media at the premiere of a documentary about his wife Melania. The stand off has spurred calls for diplomacy from regional actors and allies of the rival countries. Iran’s neighbour Turkey led a diplomatic charge on Friday, offering to mediate between Tehran and Washington. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan told his Iranian counterpart Masoud Pezeshkian in a call that Turkey was “ready to assume a facilitating role between Iran and the United States to de-escalate the tensions and resolve the issues”. Pezeshkian meanwhile said the success of diplomacy depended on the “goodwill of the parties involved and the abandonment of belligerent and threatening actions in the region,” his office said.The call came as Tehran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi had travelled to Istanbul for top-level talks on the matter with Turkish top diplomat Hakan Fidan as well as meet with Erdogan, Iran’s foreign ministry said in a statement. – Immediate ‘countermeasures’ -Gulf states, some of which host US military sites, have also called for calm, while Tehran-ally Russia has urged negotiations. US ally the European Union also advocated against military action but sent a message of condemnation to Tehran over the crackdown on protests that rights groups say killed thousands of people by designating Iran’s Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) a “terrorist organisation”. Iran quickly hit back at the move, with Araghchi calling it a “mistake” and the military saying it was “irresponsible and spite-driven”. On Friday, Ali Shamkhani, a senior advisor to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, said on X that “countermeasures will be immediate” in response to the designation. He accused the West of hypocrisy over Israel’s war in Gaza, saying “the meaning of terrorism in American and European discourse has been transformed”. EU chief Ursula von der Leyen had said, “‘Terrorist’ is indeed how you call a regime that crushes its own people’s protests in blood”, as she hailed the designation of the IRGC, which activists say played a frontline role in suppressing protests. The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) said it has confirmed 6,479 people were killed in the demonstrations, including 6,092 protesters and 118 children, as internet restrictions imposed on January 8 continue to hinder access to information inside the country. But rights groups warn the toll is likely far higher, with estimates in the tens of thousands. Iranian authorities acknowledge that thousands were killed during the protests, giving a toll of more than 3,000 deaths, but say the majority were members of the security forces or bystanders killed by “rioters”. burs-sw/sjw/ser