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Famine is spreading in Sudan’s western Darfur region, UN-backed experts warned on Thursday, as a grinding war between the army and paramilitary forces has left millions hungry, displaced and cut off from aid.Since April 2023, the conflict between Sudan’s army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has killed tens of thousands, displaced 11 million and triggered what the United Nations calls one of the world’s worst humanitarian crises.In an alert issued by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC), global food security experts said that “famine thresholds for acute malnutrition have now been surpassed” in North Darfur’s contested areas of Um Baru and Kernoi, near the border with Chad.”These alarming rates suggest an increased risk of excess mortality and raise concern that nearby areas may be experiencing similar catastrophic conditions,” the IPC experts said.They added that the spread of famine came as the paramilitary takeover of North Darfur capital El-Fasher led to “massive displacement” of civilians into surrounding areas, “straining the resources” of local communities and “driving up acute food insecurity and malnutrition”.El-Fasher, long the Sudanese army’s final stronghold in Darfur, fell to the RSF last October after 18 months of bombardment and starvation.Its fall — which was accompanied by reports of mass killings, rape and abductions — pushed at least 127,000 people to flee to nearby towns already under strain, according to UN data.Both warring sides have been accused of committing atrocities throughout the war.The UK on Thursday sanctioned six people accused of carrying out atrocities or contributing to the violence by providing mercenaries and military equipment.The measures targeted senior commanders in both the army and the RSF.”Through these sanctions, we will seek to dismantle the war machine of those who perpetrate or profit from the brutal violence in Sudan,” British foreign minister Yvette Cooper said in the statement.- Fragile areas -Thursday’s alert, which is not a formal famine classification, signals severe food security and nutrition crises based on the latest data.It comes nearly three months after the IPC confirmed famine conditions in El-Fasher and Kadugli, the capital of South Kordofan, about 800 kilometres (500 miles) to the east.Kadugli endured a punishing RSF siege for much of the country’s nearly three-year conflict before the army broke the blockade this week. Nearby Dilling, where the army also broke an RSF siege earlier this month, is believed to be experiencing similar famine conditions though lack of access and ongoing insecurity has prevented a formal declaration.The IPC said that 20 more areas in Sudan’s Darfur and neighbouring Kordofan were at risk of famine.Across Darfur, access to lifesaving and nutrition services remains severely constrained, the IPC said.In Um Baru, children with severe acute malnutrition have little access to treatment, while in Kernoi only 25 percent of affected children are enrolled in treatment programmes, it added.Fighting between the army and the RSF in Kordofan — now a key battleground — has displaced about 88,000 people since October, the latest UN figures show.The IPC experts said that prolonged displacement, conflict, and erosion of health, water and food systems “are expected to increase acute malnutrition and food insecurity”.Across Sudan, more than 21 million people — almost half of the population — are now facing acute food insecurity, with two-thirds of the population in urgent need of assistance, according to the UN.

“They drove us out at gunpoint,” says Lebanese citizen Zeinab Qataya, who fled her adopted home in Syria after the fall of Bashar al-Assad and returned to her country to live in a camp built by Hezbollah.The construction of the Imam Ali Housing Compound has proved controversial, but Lebanese and Syrian families pushed out of villages just over the border in Syria say they now rely on the Iran-backed movement for safety.Hezbollah has acknowledged intervening in Syria’s civil war on Assad’s behalf starting in 2013 from their foothold in the Qusayr area, home to border villages like Zeita where thousands of Lebanese Shiites have lived for decades. The militant group was driven out of Syria during the campaign that toppled Assad, but it still holds sway in this pocket of northeast Lebanon, whose government has since vowed to disarm them.”They burned our homes,” says Qataya, a 56-year-old who fled Zeita for the Hezbollah-run compound. “What matters to us is… being able to return home safely.”- Images of martyrs -More than half a million Syrian refugees returned to their country from Lebanon after an Islamist coalition’s victory over Assad in 2024.The residents of the Imam Ali Housing Compound, meanwhile, were coming the other way.”The compound houses between 700 and 1,000 people,” said a Hezbollah official accompanying an AFP team in a guided tour of the camp in the Hermel area.”They are mostly Lebanese, with some Syrians,” all coming from border villages the group controlled before Assad’s fall, he said, speaking on condition of anonymity.The Lebanese nationals living in Syria had retained their citizenship, but made the area around Qusayr their home, living and working alongside local Sunni residents.In the dry mountain winds, children returned from a Shiite religious celebration in Hermel and ran past the camp’s store and barber shop to their ad hoc school.The walls of the local mosque had images of slain Iranian generals, including renowned covert operations commander Qassem Suleimani, glued on them.Portraits of killed Hezbollah chief Hassan Nasrallah and current leader Naim Qassem hung from housing units.Hezbollah played a key role in Syria’s 13-year civil war, fighting alongside Assad’s forces.When it first established itself in Qusayr, thousands of Syrians were forced to flee, but it hastily retreated from the country after Assad’s ouster.The border in the area is porous and poorly demarcated, which contributed to Lebanese nationals settling in Syria and facilitated the smuggling for which the region is known.- Iranian donations -In the compound, few residents were willing to speak to journalists, viewing them with suspicion.Under Assad, Syria was part of Iran’s “axis of resistance” against Israel and enabled the transfer of weapons and money from Iran to HezbollahThe new authorities in Damascus have rejected Iranian influence and attempted to cut off the pipeline to the Lebanese movement.Much of the Hermel compound’s funding comes from private donations from Iran, the Hezbollah member said.According to the group’s al-Nour radio, the complex comprises 228 housing units.When it was built last year, some media outlets critical of Hezbollah accused it of using the compound to harbour officials from the Assad government.”We are not harbouring regime remnants here,” said Ali al-Masri, an official in the Hermel municipality, calling the allegations “utter nonsense” and insisting that most in the camp were civilians.In January, Lebanon’s military said that it carried out a raid after “some media outlets and news websites circulated information about the harbouring of wanted individuals and the presence of weapons inside a compound” in Hermel.The raid, it said, “did not result in any arrests or seizures”. – ‘Living happily’ -According to the UN, around 115,000 people have entered Lebanon from Syria since the fall of Assad, many of them since the sectarian massacres that targeted the Alawite minority on the Syrian coast in March.Around a million Syrian refugees who previously fled the civil war remain in Lebanon.Khodr Ghurab, a 62-year-old van driver, said he was displaced from Zeita on December 8, the day Islamist-led rebels reached Damascus and Assad fled to Russia.Ghurab, a father of four, accused the Lebanese state of not helping them, “as if we were not Lebanese”.”In Syria, education and transport were free… we were living happily.”

The mayor of Suakin dreams of a rebirth for his town, an ancient Red Sea port spared by the wars that have marked Sudan’s history but reduced to ruins by the ravages of time.”It was called the ‘White City’,” for its unique buildings made of coral stone taken from the seabed, said mayor Abu Mohamed El-Amin Artega, who is also the leader of the Artega tribe, part of eastern Sudan’s Beja ethnic group.Now the once-booming port and tourist draw languishes on the water, effectively forgotten for years as Sudan remains mired in a devastating war between the army and paramilitary forces.But inside the ruins of a mosque, a restoration crew is hard at work rebuilding this piece of Suakin, over a century after the city was abandoned.”Before the war, a lot of people came, a lot of tourists,” said Ahmed Bushra, an engineer with the association Safeguarding Sudan’s Living Heritage from Conflict and Climate Change (SSLH).”We hope in the future, when peace comes to Sudan, they will come and enjoy our beautiful historic buildings here,” he told AFP.Architecture student Doha Abdelaziz Mohamed is part of the crew bringing the mosque back to life with funding from the British Council and support from UNESCO.”When I came here, I was stunned by the architecture,” the 23-year-old said. The builders “used techniques that are no longer employed today”, she told AFP. “We are here to keep our people’s heritage.”- Abandoned -The ancient port — set on an oval island nestled within a lagoon — served for centuries as a transit point for merchant caravans, Muslim and Christian pilgrims travelling to Mecca and Jerusalem, and the regional slave trade, according to the Rome-based heritage institute ICCROM.It became a vibrant crossroads under the Ottoman Empire, said Artega, 55, and its population grew to around 25,000 as a construction boom took off.”The streets were so crowded that, as our forefathers said, you could hardly move.”Everything changed in 1905, when the British built a deeper commercial port 60 kilometres (37 miles) north, to accommodate increased maritime traffic with the opening of the Suez Canal.”Merchants and residents moved to Port Sudan,” the mayor said, lamenting the decline of what he calls “Sudan’s great treasure”.But his Artega tribe, which has administered the city since the sixth century with powers “passed from father to son”, refused to leave. His ancestor, he said, scolded the British: “You found a port as prosperous as a fine hen — you took its eggs, plucked its feathers and now you spit its bones back at us.”As proof of the Artega’s influence, he keeps at home what he says are swords and uniforms gifted to his ancestors by Queen Victoria during the British colonial period.The rise of Port Sudan spelled disaster for Suakin, whose grand public buildings and elegant coral townhouses were left to decay, slowly eaten away by the humid winds and summer heat.But the 1990s brought new hope, with the opening of a new passenger port linking Suakin to Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.Today, the Sudanese transport company Tarco operates daily crossings, carrying around 200 passengers per trip from the modern port of Suakin, within sight of the ancient city and its impoverished environs.- Lease to Turkey -The city’s optimism grew in 2017 when then-president Omar al-Bashir granted the old port to his Turkish counterpart, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, under a 99-year lease for touristic development.A Turkish company restored the old governor’s palace, customs house and two mosques, but the project stalled in 2019 after Bashir fell from power in the face of mass protests.Then, in April 2023, the cruise passengers and scuba divers who once stopped in Suakin completely vanished when fighting erupted between the army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF).A rusting cargo ship now lies stranded on a sandbank in the blue lagoon, where only a handful of fishing boats float around.But Bushra, from SSLH, remains optimistic. He hopes to see the mosque, which houses the tomb of a Sufi sheikh, host a traditional music festival when the renovation is complete, “in five months”.”When we finish the restoration, the tourists can come here,” he said. 

Iran’s top security official said Saturday that progress had been made towards negotiations with the United States, even as the Islamic republic’s army chief warned Washington against launching military strikes.US President Donald Trump confirmed the two sides were talking, while keeping the threat of an attack in the foreground.Washington has deployed warships led by the USS Abraham Lincoln aircraft carrier off Iran’s shores, after Trump threatened to intervene in the wake of Tehran’s deadly crackdown on anti-government protests.”Contrary to the hype of the contrived media war, structural arrangements for negotiations are progressing,” said Ali Larijani, head of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council.He was speaking a day after the Kremlin said he held talks in Moscow with Russian President Vladimir Putin.Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian said Saturday a broader conflict would hurt both Iran and the United States.”The Islamic Republic of Iran has never sought, and in no way seeks, war and it is firmly convinced that a war would be in the interest of neither Iran, nor the United States, nor the region,” he said in a call with Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, according to the Iranian presidency.Later Saturday, Trump confirmed that there was a dialogue between Washington and Tehran.”(Iran is) talking to us, and we’ll see if we can do something, otherwise we’ll see what happens… we have a big fleet heading out there,” he told Fox News.”They are negotiating,” he added.Qatar’s foreign ministry said its premier Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani, who also serves as foreign minister, held talks in Tehran with Larijani on Saturday to try to “de-escalate tensions in the region”.- Fears of conflict -The arrival of the US flotilla has raised fears of a direct confrontation with Iran, which has warned it would respond with missile strikes on US bases, ships and allies — notably Israel — in the event of an attack.Trump has said he believes Iran will make a deal over its nuclear and missile programmes rather than face US military action.Tehran has said it is ready for nuclear talks if its missiles and defence capabilities are not on the agenda.Iranian army chief Amir Hatami has warned the United States and Israel against any attack, saying his forces were “at full defensive and military readiness”.”If the enemy makes a mistake, without a doubt it will endanger its own security, the security of the region, and the security of the Zionist regime,” Hatami said, official news agency IRNA reported.Iran’s nuclear technology and expertise “cannot be eliminated”, he added.With tensions heightened, Iranian authorities rushed to deny that several incidents on Saturday were linked to any attack or sabotage.They included an explosion in the southern Iranian port city of Bandar Abbas that local firefighters said was caused by a gas leak.- Naval exercise -On Friday, US Central Command (CENTCOM) said Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) would conduct “a two-day live-fire naval exercise” in the Strait of Hormuz, a key transit hub for global energy supplies.CENTCOM warned the IRGC against “any unsafe and unprofessional behaviour near US forces”, drawing a sharp response from Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi.”The US military is now attempting to dictate how our Powerful Armed Forces should conduct target practice in their own turf,” he wrote on X.The United States designated the IRGC a terrorist organisation in 2019, a move the European Union followed on Thursday, prompting angry reactions from Tehran.The United States carried out strikes on key Iranian nuclear sites in June when it briefly joined Israel’s 12-day war against its regional foe.Nationwide protests against the rising cost of living erupted on December 28, before turning into a broader anti-government movement that peaked on January 8 and 9 in what authorities called “riots” blamed on the United States and Israel.- ‘Serve the people’ -The official death toll from the authorities stands at 3,117. However, the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA) said it has confirmed 6,713 deaths, including 137 children.On Saturday, Pezeshkian urged his government to heed public grievances and “serve the people”. Some Iranians at the Kapikoy border point separating Iran and Turkey, where a little over 100 people crossed on Saturday, said they wanted to be free of the clerical leaders in Tehran.”They were shooting us in the back. We were even targeted through our windows,” said Shabnan, using a pseudonym. “Everyone has lost loved ones, friends, neighbours, acquaintances.”burs-jj/acb/abs/mtp

Israeli air strikes killed 32 people including children in Gaza on Saturday, according to the Palestinian territory’s civil defence agency, as the military said it had attacked in response to a Hamas ceasefire violation.Despite a US-brokered truce entering its second phase earlier this month, violence in the Palestinian territory has continued, with both Israel and Hamas accusing each other of violating the agreement.The latest bloodshed comes after Israel announced it would reopen the crucial Rafah crossing between Gaza and Egypt on Sunday for the “limited movement of people”.”The death toll since dawn today has risen to 32, most of them children and women,” said the civil defence agency, a rescue force operating under the Hamas authority, updating an earlier toll of 28.”Residential apartments, tents, shelters and a police station were targeted,” agency spokesman Mahmud Bassal said in the statement.A unit in an apartment building of Gaza City’s Rimal neighbourhood was left entirely destroyed, and blood spatters were visible on the street below, an AFP journalist reported.”Three girls died while they were sleeping. We found their bodies in the street”, Samer al-Atbash, a relative of the family, told AFP.”What truce are you talking about? Everyone is deceiving everyone else,” added Nael al-Atbash, another relative.One strike hit the police station in the Sheikh Radwan district of Gaza City, the territory’s largest urban centre.Gaza’s general police directorate said seven people were killed in that attack, while Bassal said the dead included four female police officers.- Ceasefire violations -About a dozen first responders rushed to the devastated building and pulled bodies from the rubble, an AFP journalist reported.Another Israeli attack hit a shelter in Al-Mawasi, an area of south Gaza where tens of thousands of displaced Gazans live in tents and makeshift shelters, an AFP journalist reported.Large plumes of smoke rose above the thousands of densely pitched tents.The number of casualties from this strike was still not known.Although people have been killed almost daily in Gaza since the start of the ceasefire on October 10, Saturday’s toll was particularly high.Israel’s military said that the air strikes were retaliation for an incident on Friday in which eight Palestinian fighters exited a tunnel in the city of Rafah, in southern Gaza, which it said violated the fragile ceasefire.It said forces “struck four commanders and additional terrorists from the Hamas and Islamic Jihad terrorist organisations across the Gaza Strip”.Hamas political bureau member Suhail al-Hindi rejected the military’s claims.”What happened today is a fully fledged crime committed by a criminal enemy that does not abide by agreements or respect any commitments,” he told AFP.The health ministry, which operates under the Hamas authority, has said Israeli attacks have killed at least 509 people in Gaza since the ceasefire came into effect.Israel’s military says four soldiers have been killed in the same period in Gaza in suspected militant attacks.- Rafah reopening -Media restrictions and limited access in Gaza have meant that AFP has been unable to independently verify casualty figures or freely cover the violence.Key mediators Egypt and Qatar condemned what they said were Israeli violations of the ceasefire.Egypt demanded that all parties “exercise the utmost restraint” ahead of Sunday’s reopening of Rafah crossing, while Qatar said it denounced the “repeated Israeli violations of the ceasefire”.The violence was a “dangerous escalation that will inflame the situation and undermine regional and international efforts aimed at consolidating the truce,” the Qatari foreign ministry said.Israel has said reopening of the Rafah crossing will only allow the “limited movement of people”.The reopening is a key element in the second phase of the Gaza ceasefire agreement.Israel had previously expressed its unwillingness to reopen the gateway until it received the remains of Ran Gvili, the last hostage to be held in Gaza, who was recovered earlier this week and laid to rest in Israel on Wednesday.The Gaza war was sparked by Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack on Israel, which resulted in the deaths of 1,221 people, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.Israel’s retaliation flattened much of Gaza, which was already suffering from previous rounds of fighting and from an Israeli blockade imposed since 2007.The two-year war has left at least 71,769 people dead in Gaza, according to the health ministry, whose figures are considered reliable by the United Nations.burs-az-lba-jd/dc

Israeli air strikes killed 28 people in Gaza Saturday, including children, according to the civil defence agency, as the military said it attacked in response to a Hamas ceasefire violation.Despite a US-brokered ceasefire entering its second phase earlier this month, violence in the Palestinian territory has continued, with both Israel and Hamas accusing each other of violating the truce agreement.The latest bloodshed comes after Israel announced it would reopen the crucial Rafah crossing between Gaza and Egypt on Sunday for the “limited movement of people”.”Twenty-eight martyrs have been recovered, a quarter of whom are children, a third of whom are women, and one elderly man,” the civil defence agency, a rescue force operating under the Hamas authority, said in a statement, adding that people were still missing under the rubble.”Residential apartments, tents, shelters and a police station were targeted, resulting in this humanitarian catastrophe,” agency spokesman Mahmud Bassal said.One strike hit the police station in the Sheikh Radwan district of Gaza City, the territory’s largest urban centre.Gaza’s general police directorate said seven people were killed in that attack, while Bassal said the dead included four women police officers.”The killed included police officers and personnel as well as civilians who were present at the station at the time,” the directorate said.About a dozen first responders rushed to the devastated building and pulled bodies from the rubble, an AFP journalist reported.Another Israeli attack hit a shelter in Al-Mawasi, an area of south Gaza where tens of thousands of displaced Gazans live in tents and makeshift shelters, an AFP journalist reported.Large plumes of smoke rose above the thousands of densely pitched tents.The number of casualties from this strike was still not known.Although people have been killed almost daily in Gaza since the start of the ceasefire on October 10, Saturday’s toll was particularly high.- Ceasefire violations -Israel’s military said in a statement that the air strikes were retaliation for an incident on Friday in which eight Palestinian fighters exited a tunnel in the south Gaza city of Rafah, which it said violated the fragile ceasefire.It said forces “struck four commanders and additional terrorists from the Hamas and Islamic Jihad terrorist organisations across the Gaza Strip”.Gaza health ministry general director Munir al-Barsh told AFP that Israel “continues its serious violations of the ceasefire agreement amid a severe shortage of medical supplies, medicines and medical equipment”.Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas in a statement condemned Saturday’s strikes as “a brutal crime”.The health ministry, which operates under the Hamas authority, has said Israeli attacks have killed at least 509 people in Gaza since the ceasefire came into effect.Israel’s military says four soldiers have been killed in the same period in Gaza in suspected militant attacks.Media restrictions and limited access in Gaza have meant that AFP has been unable to independently verify casualty figures or freely cover the violence.Meanwhile, Israel has said Sunday’s reopening of the Rafah crossing will be only for the “limited movement of people”.The reopening, a major demand of humanitarian organisations, is a key element in the second phase of the Gaza ceasefire agreement.Israel had previously expressed its unwillingness to reopen the gateway until it received the remains of Ran Gvili, the last hostage to be held in Gaza, who was recovered earlier this week and laid to rest in Israel on Wednesday.The Gaza war was sparked by Hamas’s October 7, 2023 attack on Israel, which resulted in the deaths of 1,221 people, according to an AFP tally based on official Israeli figures.Israel’s retaliation flattened much of Gaza, which was already suffering from previous rounds of fighting and from an Israeli blockade imposed since 2007.The two-year war has left at least 71,769 people dead in Gaza, according to the health ministry, whose figures are considered reliable by the United Nations.bur-az-lba-jd/srm